Harmony in the ecosystem: Exploring ecotoxicological aspects and one health dynamics in the face of environmental pollution

Based on 2004-2017 Chinese interprovincial panel data, we construct the regional environmental pollution indicators, analyze the influencing factors and spillover effects of environmental pollution under the conditions of time lag, spatial lag, and spatiotemporal lag by using the STIRPAT model and dynamic spatial Durbin model, and discuss the spatiotemporal characteristics of regional environmental pollution in China. The results show that the overall regional environmental pollution in China is on the decline. Environmental pollution has strengthened the characteristics of strong in the East and weak in the West, and the characteristics of strong in the South and weak in the North began to appear. Population scale, economic growth, and industrial scale will increase environmental pollution in the region, and the environmental regulation intensity and pollution control investment will reduce environmental pollution in the region. The spillover effects of the influencing factors of regional environmental pollution in China are different. In the short term, the influencing factors have a greater impact on the neighboring areas, while in the long term, they have a greater impact on the region. Hence, the critical approach to achieving sustainable development is to give full play to the factors which can reduce environmental pollution and to effectively control the factors which will promote environmental pollution.

Environmental pollution has become a global concern, so it is critical to find out the elements that influence it. Is the urban business credit environment influencing urban environmental conditions? The study takes the entropy method for calculating the environmental pollution index of 276 prefecture-level cities across China from 2010 to 2021, the CE1 index to describe the urban business credit environment, and a spatial Durbin model to empirically analyze the mechanism and transmission path of the urban business credit environment on environmental pollution. The findings demonstrate that: (1) there is an important positive spatial association between China's urban pollution index and urban business credit index, and that the level of spatial clustering of the two is increasing over time. (2) the urban business credit environment and environmental pollution have an inverted "U" shape relationship and a significant spatial spillover effect, which means that once a certain threshold is reached, improving the urban business credit environment reduces environmental pollution in local and neighboring areas. (3) The influence of the urban business credit environment on environmental deterioration varies by region. The extra heterogeneity test results for the different regions show that the relationship between business credit level and environmental pollution is consistent with the overall situation in the eastern and western regions, the opposite effect was observed in the central region. (4) Changes in the urban business credit environment have an indirect impact on environmental conditions due to the amount of regional financial development and technological innovation potential. To reduce pollution in the region, prefectural-level cities must strengthen the construction of urban business credit systems, strive to create a favorable business credit environment, strengthen the spatial spillover effect, and guide the resource elements of business credit planning to flow into the central and western parts of China reasonably. The study's findings have significant practical implications for modifying the government's development strategy and improving the urban environment.

Environmental pollution has become a global concern, so it is critical to find out the elements that influence it. Is the urban business credit environment influencing urban environmental conditions? The study takes the entropy method for calculating the environmental pollution index of 276 prefecture-level cities across China from 2010 to 2021, the CE1 index to describe the urban business credit environment, and a spatial Durbin model to empirically analyze the mechanism and transmission path of the urban business credit environment on environmental pollution. The findings demonstrate that: (1) there is an important positive spatial association between China’s urban pollution index and urban business credit index, and that the level of spatial clustering of the two is increasing over time. (2) the urban business credit environment and environmental pollution have an inverted "U" shape relationship and a significant spatial spillover effect, which means that once a certain threshold is reached, improving the urban business credit environment reduces environmental pollution in local and neighboring areas. (3) The influence of the urban business credit environment on environmental deterioration varies by region. The extra heterogeneity test results for the different regions show that the relationship between business credit level and environmental pollution is consistent with the overall situation in the eastern and western regions, the opposite effect was observed in the central region. (4) Changes in the urban business credit environment have an indirect impact on environmental conditions due to the amount of regional financial development and technological innovation potential. To reduce pollution in the region, prefectural-level cities must strengthen the construction of urban business credit systems, strive to create a favorable business credit environment, strengthen the spatial spillover effect, and guide the resource elements of business credit planning to flow into the central and western parts of China reasonably. The study’s findings have significant practical implications for modifying the government’s development strategy and improving the urban environment.

Environmental pollution has aroused extensive concern worldwide in recent years. Existing studies on the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and environmental pollution have, however, paid little attention to spatial effects and regional corruption’s environmental performance from a spatial perspective. To address this gap, we investigate the spatial agglomeration effects of environmental pollution in China and the environmental effects of FDI and regional corruption using spatial econometric analysis method. The results indicate significant spatial agglomeration effects in environmental pollution. The results of spatial panel data models reveal that the estimation coefficient of FDI is significantly negative, and FDI inflows reduce China’s environmental pollution. Regional corruption is shown to increase environmental pollution, thereby contributing further to environmental degradation. The interaction coefficient of FDI and regional corruption is significantly positive, indicating that regional corruption reduces the environmental benefits derived from FDI. In addition, regional differences in spatial effects verify that regional corruption also reduces the environmental performance of FDI in the central region. Meanwhile, regional corruption increases the environmental aggravation effects of FDI in the eastern region but weakens it in the western region. Our findings lead to some policy recommendations with regard to environmental protection and pollution control.

Küresel ısınma, çevresel kirlilik ve kaynakların kontrolsüz kullanımı insan yaşamı ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma için ciddi bir tehdit olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı BRICS–T ülkelerinde ekonomik büyüme, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ve çevresel kirlilik arasındaki ilişkileri çevresel Kuznets eğrisi ve kirlilik sığınağı hipotezleri bağlamında incelemektir. 1992–2017 dönemine ait yıllık verilerin kullanıldığı çalışmada ikinci nesil panel veri analizi yöntemleri uygulanmıştır. Eşbütünleşme testinden ulaşılan bulgularda değişkenlerin uzun dönemde birlikte hareket ettikleri yani eşbütünleşik oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Tahmin sonucunda BRICS–T ülkeleri için, çevre kirliliği ile ekonomik büyüme arasında ters–U şeklinde bir ilişkinin olduğunu ileri süren çevresel Kuznets eğrisi ve çevresel kirlilik ile doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar arasında pozitif bir ilişkinin olduğunu ifade eden kirlilik sığınağı hipotezlerinin geçerli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Nedensellik testinden ise ekonomik büyümeden çevresel kirliliğe ve çevresel kirlilikten doğrudan yabancı yatırımlara tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisinin olduğuna yönelik ampirik kanıtlar elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen kanıtlar doğrultusunda BRICS–T ülkelerine, ekonomik büyümeden ziyade sürdürülebilir kalkınma ve çevre konularına daha fazla odaklanmaları ve doğrudan yabancı yatırım standartlarını geliştirmeleri önerilmektedir.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the long-run effects of fiscal policy instruments, including environmental taxes, environmental protection expenditures and renewable energy incentives on environmental pollution, measured as ecological footprint, in a sample of European Union countries and Turkey using annual data for the period 1996-2018. Research Design & Methods: The conventional literature generally suggests that fiscal policy instruments can affect environmental pollution in the long run. To examine whether fiscal policy instruments will be effective on pollution in the long run, we employed both fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) methods. Findings: The estimation results showed that renewable energy incentives are the most effective policy instrument to mitigate pollution. We also found that environmental taxes have negative and statistically significant effects on pollution. However, the relationship between environmental protection expenditures and pollution is not robust and changes with respect to the estimation method. Implications & Recommendations: The findings of this study indicate that fiscal policy instruments can reduce environmental pollution. In this vein, renewable energy incentives and environmental tax tools appear to be the most effective fiscal policy instruments. Therefore, policymakers can use fiscal policy instruments to deal with environmental pollution problems. Contribution & Value Added: Given the limited research on the combined effects of fiscal policy instruments, we aimed to contribute to the literature by employing FMOLS and DOLS estimation procedures. These methods allowed us to examine the long-run relationship between fiscal policy instruments and the ecological footprint. To examine the long-run relationship between fiscal policy instruments and ecological footprint, we prefer to employ FMOLS and DOLS methods which consider potential autocorrelation and some degree of heterogeneity. Therefore, we aimed to contribute to the literature by investigating the effectiveness of fiscal policy instruments on environmental pollution in our sample of countries.

The rapid economic development has severely damaged the ecological environment and affected public health. Firms are the main source of pollution; thus, corporate environmental responsibility (CER) has attracted great attention from the government, shareholders and the public. This study used both the fixed effects model and the system GMM (Generalized Method of Moments) model to examine the relationship between environmental pollution, environmental regulations and CER for 30 provinces in China, over the period 2005 to 2015. This study drew the following results: first, mandatory CER disclosure policy can significantly decrease environmental pollution. Second, an inverted U-shaped relationship exists between environmental regulations and environmental pollution. Third, environmental pollution has a positive impact on CER. Fourth, an inverted U-shaped relationship exists between environmental regulations and CER. Therefore, it is necessary to find a balance between environmental regulations affecting environmental pollution and CER so that they can effectively reduce environmental pollution and increase the enthusiasm of firms to carry out environmental responsibility activities.

Due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, China faces numerous environmental challenges, including air and water pollution, resource depletion, and climate change. Adopting green ICT and smart urbanization is a critical strategy to address these challenges. At the heart of this study lies the question: Do green ICT adoption and smart urbanization contribute positively to environmental pollution reduction? Therefore, this study intends to scrutinize the influence of green ICT and smart urbanization on environmental pollution in China, focusing on the period from 1996 to 2021. The most up-to-date method of structural modeling, partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), was used to estimate the quantitative connection between green ICT, smart urbanization, and environmental pollution. The findings of the structural model show that only the path coefficient between smart urbanization and environmental pollution is significant and negative. Renewable energy consumption directly and negatively influences environmental pollution, whereas smart urbanization directly and positively affects renewable energy consumption and green ICT. Consequently, renewable energy consumption and green ICT negatively influence environmental pollution. Based on the findings, the study proposes targeted public policy recommendations aimed at fostering the development of green ICT and smart urbanization initiatives in China.

Environmental pollution is a widespread problem that influences both human health and agricultural productivity. One of the greatest problems facing the world today is environmental pollution, which is increasing every year and causing grave and irreparable damage to the earth and human health. It is these conditions that make environmental pollution a major concern to the developing countries of the world, especially Nigeria. Environmental pollution results from the activities of man through the use of technology to manipulate the ecosystem or environment to meet his needs. Nigeria as a developing country has lost much of her habitable environment due to environmental degradation and pollution, which destroys crops and aquaculture through the contamination of waterways, ground water, and soil and causes flaring of associated gas. There is also rampant mismanagement of the land resources. These have significant negative conse­quences on crop yield and land productivity, which further impoverish the already poor farmers in these areas. With the increasing soil infertility as a result of the destruction of soil micro-organisms and dwindling agricultural produc­tiv­ity, farmers have been forced to abandon their land to seek non-existent alter­native means of livelihood. Therefore, this paper examines the nature of en­vi­ronmental pollution in the area and its consequences on agricultural produc­tiv­ity. Questionnaires were administered to elicit information on soil fertility, crop growth, and crop productivity. A total of 360 questionnaires were adminis­tered using a multistage sampling technique and analyzed using frequency ta­bles and percentages. Results show that environmental pollution reduces the level of soil nutrients and fertility (82%). Crop growth and crop yield are nega­tively affected by pollution (80%); therefore, agricultural productivity is nega­tively affected in Nigeria. The paper recommends, among other things, that efforts be made to im­mediately address the environmental problems of the country if any meaningful development is to be sustained.

Environmental sustainability is a critical and urgent challenge of the modern world. Pakistan continues to struggle with balancing economic growth and environmental protection. In recent years, Pakistan has faced severe environmental issues, notably air pollution. This study investigates the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade openness on environmental pollution and examines how this relationship is moderated by renewable energy. Using Pakistan’s annual data from 1990 to 2022, the ARDL model and the Granger Causality technique employ for empirical analysis. The results indicate that FDI and trade openness increase environmental pollution in the short run and long run. Furthermore, the results reveal that renewable energy not only directly reduces environmental pollution but also significantly mitigates the negative environmental impacts of FDI and trade openness in both the short run and long run. Granger causality results further confirm that FDI, trade openness, and renewable energy consumption have a significant influence on environmental pollution, thereby reinforcing their predictive power. Furthermore, the results are validated through Dynamic OLS and Fully Modified OLS techniques. The findings support the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) and Pollution Halo Hypothesis. However, these results underscore the crucial need for policies that strategically link FDI and trade openness with renewable energy policies to reduce environmental pollution while promoting economic development.

Environmental pollutants are recognized as one of the major concerns for public health and responsible for various forms of neurological disorders. Some of the common sources of environmental pollutants related to neurotoxic manifestations are industrial waste, pesticides, automobile exhaust, laboratory waste, and burning of terrestrial waste. Among various environmental pollutants, particulate matter, ultrafine particulate matter, nanoparticles, and lipophilic vaporized toxicant (acrolein) easily cross the blood-brain barrier, activate innate immune responses in the astrocytes, microglia, and neurons, and exert neurotoxicity. Growing shreds of evidence from human epidemiological studies have correlated the environmental pollutants with neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, myelin sheath disruption, and alterations in the blood-brain barrier anatomy leading to cognitive dysfunction and poor quality of life. These environmental pollutants also considerably cause developmental neurotoxicity, exhibit teratogenic effect and mental growth retardance, and reduce IQ level. Until now, the exact mechanism of pollutant-induced neurotoxicity is not known, but studies have shown interference of pollutants with the endogenous antioxidant defense system, inflammatory pathway (Nrf2/NF-kB, MAPKs/PI3K, and Akt/GSK3β), modulation of neurotransmitters, and reduction in long-term potentiation. In the current review, various sources of pollutants and exposure to the human population, developmental neurotoxicity, and molecular mechanism of different pollutants involved in the pathogenesis of different neurological disorders have been discussed.

This paper presents the findings of a research project completed in June 2002 The working environment and environmental pollution in rice mills were investigated. Lots of problems related to physical, socio-economic, health and gender-related work environments have been identified. Environmental pollution was found to exist in the rice mills. The work environment was not found conducive and favourable for workers' health. There was lack of knowledge and awareness regarding environmental pollution and safety of the workers in the rice mills. Practical measures are suggested for improvement of work environment, minimizing the environmental pollution and thus increasing the working efficiency and reducing health hazards of the workers.

The Healthy China 2030 Initiative is closely related to the coordinated development between national health, economy, and society. This major move demonstrates China’s active engagement in global health governance and in the fulfillment of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDGs). Based on Grossman’s health production function, this paper introduces key factors such as environmental pollution and environmental regulation to empirically investigate the regulating effect of environmental regulation, as well as the spatial spillover of environmental pollution and environmental regulation acting on resident health. We examine these effects by using the panel data of 28 cities of the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River (UAMYRY) between 2009 and 2019. The results show that: (1) Environmental pollution brings a loss to resident health. Among the urban agglomerations, the circum-Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan urban agglomeration (CCZXUA) and the Poyang Lake urban agglomeration (PLUA) have a much lower health effect of environmental pollution than the Wuhan urban agglomeration (WUA). (2) With the growing intensity of environmental regulation, the negative effect of environmental pollution on resident health will gradually decrease. Regionally, the environmental regulation in the CCZXUA has the best effect on residents’ health, followed by the WUA and the PLUA, which have the worst. (3) As a whole, the spatial spillover of environmental regulation and pollution has a significant impact on residents’ health, and the spatial spillover effect between urban agglomerations is stronger than that between cities in each urban agglomeration. The conclusions remain robust with various tests such as replacing control variables, introducing lagged explanatory variables, and considering endogeneity. Based on robust empirical evidence, several specific region policy suggestions, including rolling out proper environmental regulation policies, and establishing a linking mechanism of environmental management, were put forward to improve the environmental pollution state and resident health level of the UAMYRY.

The study aims at educating mothers with special needs about the dangers of health environmental pollutants. The study aimed to increase awareness of the risks of environmental health pollutants among mothers with special needs. The study targeted mothers of children with needs for groups whose capacities are affected by environmental pollutants, namely autism, hyperactivity and mental retardation. And the study reviewed the impact of seven environmental pollutants that affect health, air pollution, Lead, plastics, noise, industrial colors, preservatives, electromagnetic waves, chemicals. One of the results of the study was the success of the programme in raising awareness of environmental health pollutants among mothers. One of the findings of the study was the increase in children's cognitive capacities as a result of increased awareness of their mothers' health. One of the recommendations of the study was to make mothers with special needs aware of environmental health risks; Attention should be paid to health awareness programmes in rehabilitation centres for persons with special needs; Environmental health awareness should be considered an important element in the guidance programmes for mothers; Numbers of health education programmes for mothers on how to provide a healthy environment for their children.

The purpose of this study was to determine the increase in the activity and learning outcomes of science on the subject of Population Density in relation to the Environment and the material on Pollution and Environmental Damage in relation to human activity for class VII students of SMP Negeri 21 Mataram in the Academic Year 2022/2023 through the use of the Judgment method. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 21 Mataram in the 2022/2023 academic year with research subjects being class VII students consisting of 14 male students and 14 female students. The method used is the Classroom Action Research method which consists of two cycles. In the first cycle, learning was carried out using the Jubel method in large groups, while in the second cycle, the Jubel method was used in small groups. In each cycle consists of four stages of research namely planning, implementation of action, observation, and reflection. The research data were analyzed using a comparative descriptive followed by reflection. Comparative descriptive is done by comparing the initial condition data, cycle 1 and cycle 2, both for learning activities and learning outcomes. The results of this study indicate that: First, the use of the Jubilee method can increase science learning activities on population density in relation to the environment and environmental pollution and damage in relation to human activity for class VII students of SMP Negeri 21 Mataram semester of the 2022/2023 academic year. It is proven that the percentage of students in the good learning activity category increased from the initial conditions of 29% to 64% in cycle I and to 82% in cycle II or in the final conditions there was an increase of 51% from the initial conditions. Second, the use of the Jubilee method can improve science learning outcomes on population density in relation to the environment and environmental pollution and damage in relation to human activity for class VII students at SMP Negeri 21 Mataram in the 2022/2023 academic year. It is proven that the percentage of student learning completeness increased from the initial conditions of 57% to 64% in cycle I and to 74% in cycle II or in the final conditions an increase of 17% from the initial conditions.