Harmonizing Advance Directives Across Diverse Legal Cultures: A Model Law Proposal for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

Deepening production-education integration (PEI) is a major strategy of China to reinforce education reform and promote industry transformation. Different from the traditional research perspective of colleges on the supple side, this paper chooses to evaluate the PEI performance of the high-tech industry from the angle of industry on the demand side. Firstly, the action mechanisms of the education system and industry system in PEI were expounded, and the design framework of the evaluation index system (EIS) was derived from the interactions between two elements (technologies and talents) and two market relationships (supply and demand), forming a two-dimensional four-quadrant EIS. On this basis, the correlation-entropy composite matter-element (CECME) model and coupling coordination degree (CCD) model were introduced to empirically compare the PEI performance of the high-tech industry between Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao (GHKM) Greater Bay Area, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) Urban Agglomeration, and Yangtze River Delta (YRD) Urban Agglomeration. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the GHKM Greater Bay Area is far better in education and industry development than YRD Urban Agglomeration and BTH Urban Agglomeration; (2) the PEI performance of the high-tech industry in GHKM Greater Bay Area was evaluated as high level with industry in lead, that in YRD Urban Agglomeration as moderate level with education in lead, and that in BTH Urban Agglomeration high-tech industry PEI as moderate level with industry in lag. Finally, several countermeasures were proposed for the urban agglomerations to further enhance the PEI performance of the high-tech industry: GHKM Greater Bay Area should improve the weak link of education development; YRD Urban Agglomeration should give full play to its advantages in higher education; BTH Urban Agglomeration should focus on high-quality industry development. From the practical level, this paper objectively evaluates the actual performance of PEI and provides a reference for scientific policymaking of PEI development.

Regional logistic networks and linking urban clusters to boost high quality economic development are both key topics in sustainable development in China. In recent years, China has highlighted the significance of the logistics industry and urban cluster development, attaching practical importance to the connections between these two topics from a spatial perspective. This paper aims to discuss how regional logistic networks linking urban clusters improve economic development. This study constructs a logistic evaluation indicator system based on the multi-indicator data of 11 cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in 2020. This research employs the entropy-weighted-TOPSIS method to measure and rank the comprehensive logistics quality of each city in the economically linked logistic network of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. This study applies the modified gravity model to explore the logistics linkage and logistic network characteristics of each city in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Finally, this research analyzes how the agglomeration ability of the central cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area affects other cities from a spatial perspective. Furthermore, this spatial perspective investigates the agglomeration effect of the economic linkage logistic network through the social network analysis method. The results have the following three implications. (1) The logistic network has a high density, a stable overall structure with a strong agglomeration effect, and there is an increasingly mature logistic network development in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in the Bay Area. (2) Agglomeration is significant in the central cities of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area including Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, and Macao. Nonetheless, insufficient peripheral cities have been cultivated. Therefore, the government should focus on strengthening the balance of urban development in the bay area and improving the logistics access among cities to break through the barriers of regional synergistic development. (3) The economic development of cities is highly correlated with the level of logistics links. Additionally, the economy is the cornerstone to promoting the high-quality development of the logistics industry. Moreover, the economy and logistics are inseparable, mutually promoted, and developed together.

The development strategy of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is China's first development strategy for the Bay Area that has risen to the national level. It is a measure to effectively leverage regional advantages and rationally integrate regional resources. The integrated development of higher education is a necessary choice for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area to integrate educational resources, promote talent training, technological innovation, and form a joint force in education. Cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area face certain obstacles in the integration and development of higher education due to differences in their institutional foundations, cultural backgrounds, and current educational policies. This article takes the development strategy of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as the background of the times, based on the integration obstacles of the integration of higher education in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau, and explores the path of higher education policy integration in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.

The formation of the urban agglomeration of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is the result of the accumulation of reform and opening up in the past 40 years. It is the natural choice for China to move from policy opening to institutional opening, and is also the inevitable path from an export-oriented economy to an open economy. Studying regional economic competitiveness is conducive to people’s understanding of the basic conditions and characteristics of regional economic development, and through the objective assessment of regional economy, to find problems and take countermeasures to promote the sustainable and healthy development of the regional economy. The characteristics and advantages of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the difficulties and bottlenecks in the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, conclusions and recommendations are carried out in a comprehensive analysis of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Finally, based on the results, the proposed policy recommendations are proposed from three aspects: system, technology, industry and talents. Firstly, targeting the world’s leading Bay Area, coordinating the development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area; secondly, enhancing investment in science and technology to create a “Bay of Innovation” in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area; thirdly, coordinating industrial layout and industrial development. Finally, building up the Bay Areas of Talents by training and introducing, accumulating the global high-end talent resources.

The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) is composed of two special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macao in China and nine cities in the Pearl River Delta. At present, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is one of the regions with the highest degree of openness and the strongest economic vitality in China, and has an important position in the development of China. To further realize the development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the Ministry of Commerce has introduced a number of policies prompting the liberalization of trade in services in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and Guangdong Province, as one of the core components of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the development of the liberalization of trade in services in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area will have an important impact on the economy of Guangdong.

With the development of information technology, The physical quality of higher vocational students in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is still declining year by year on the basis of the diversified forms of extracurricular physical exercise year by year, therefore, This paper first investigates the status of extracurricular physical exercise platform in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, The statistical data were analyzed using Excell2016 software and spsslö.O statistical software, Research results (1) The main purpose of extracurricular physical exercise for higher vocational college students in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is to strengthen their physical fitness and meet the examination standards, For 25% and 22%, respectively; (2) There are many types of higher vocational students in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, But the projects are more scattered; (3) Students’ extracurricular exercise time is mainly about afternoon exercise. Conclusion: There are three main factors affecting the extracurricular physical exercise of higher vocational college students in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, namely, lack of field equipment accounting for 80%, lack of exercise atmosphere, and economic conditions accounting for 58% and 42% respectively. Finally, on this basis, the optimization measures of the extracurricular physical exercise platform for higher vocational colleges in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area are put forward. It is of positive significance to explore the new educational path of sports activities in higher vocational colleges in Guangdong Greater Bay Area.

Since the concept of “Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area” was put forward to the implementation of the Outline Development Plan for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the cultural industries of cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area have achieved great progress in both magnitude and adjustments of the industrial structure in the past few years. Promoting the integrated development of cities in the area is the focus of accelerating the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. In terms of the development of the cultural industry, there are currently problems such as unbalanced development, unscientific industrial structure, poor circulation of production factors, and insufficient talent supply in cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Measures such as correct guidance of cultural industries in different cities, increasing the flow rate of production resources between cities, and promoting the training of talents in relevant fields are effective for promoting the integrated development of cultural industries in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.

With the development of economy and the urgent need to enhance the economic competitiveness of the Bay Area, it has become an inevitable trend to build a new open economic system in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Taking the varying degree of opening up in the Bay Area as the background, this paper mainly took the panel data of each city from 2008 to 2018, tested them from the perspectives of linearity and nonlinearity respectively, and studied the impact of expanding opening up in the Bay Area on economic growth. The results show that the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area can achieve the goal of economic growth by opening wider to the outside world, but there is a significant spatial difference in this promoting trend, which is generally a nonlinear inverted U shape. The driving effect of opening to the outside world on the economic growth of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is as follows: when the degree of opening to the outside world is low, opening to the outside world has a small driving effect on the economic growth; With the improvement of the degree of opening to the outside world, the greater the role of promoting economic growth; When opening to the outside world is too great, it will hinder economic development. Therefore, the guangdong-hong kong-macao greater bay area should make use of the Belt And One Road and guangdong-hong kong-macao greater bay area construction policies to strengthen exchanges with the international community and hong kong-macao greater bay area, improve the level of infrastructure construction, expand opening up, and realize its potential to become a world-class bay area.

Background: The development of green sports events in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is an important way to promote the coordinated development of the economy and ecology. The purpose of this study was to investigate the development of green sports events, identifying their development dilemmas, exploring the development path of green sports events in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and promoting the sustainable development of sports in the Bay Area. Method: Firstly, research results on the green development of sports events and other aspects at home and abroad are collected and analyzed through the literature method. Secondly, an in-depth investigation of green sports events in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area was conducted through the field survey method. Finally, suggestions on the green development of sports events were collected through the expert interview method. Results: Through the study, it was found that there are the following difficulties in conducting green sports tournaments: First, there are fewer ecological protection policy measures for sports events. Second, environmental awareness has not been fully popularized in the field of sports events. Third, because of the lack of green event standards, event organizers lack clear references and bases. Fourth, there is insufficient application of green technology in sports events; Fifth, there is insufficient cross-regional cooperation, making it difficult to form a synergy in the Bay Area. Conclusion: Through the study, the following pathways and recommendations to promote the development of green sports events are proposed: First, through policy guidance and support, encourage and support sports events in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area to develop in the direction of green, low-carbon, and environmental protection. Second, to enhance the environmental awareness of sports event participants and change the concept of organizing events; Third, to formulate and improve the standard system for green sports events in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao, and to clarify the evaluation indexes and standards for green events; Fourth, to increase the research and development and application of green technologies, and to promote the application of environmentally friendly materials and energy-saving equipment, etc., in the field of sports events; and Fifth, to strengthen cooperation and exchanges, to achieve complementary resources and promote the overall development of the Bay Area.

Aiming at the shortcomings in the existing research on tourism competitiveness, the article adjusted the regional tourism competitiveness evaluation index system and used the entropy method to quantitatively evaluate the tourism competitiveness of 11 cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from 2012 to 2018. The results show that the regional tourism competitiveness of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area differs significantly and can be divided into three levels. Hong Kong, Macau, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen generally have higher tourism competitiveness and are in the first rank; Zhuhai, Foshan, Huizhou, and Dongguan have average tourism competitiveness and are in the second rank; The tourism competitiveness of Zhongshan, Jiangmen and Zhaoqing is relatively weak, ranking third. Based on the conclusions of the study, the article puts forward relevant suggestions to enhance the tourism competitiveness of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, hoping to provide a reference for enhancing the tourism competitiveness of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and promote the construction of international tourism destinations in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.

The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is the fulcrum of global development grafted with China's dynamics, and a growth pole driving the deepening reform of Chinese society. The integrated development of culture and tourism is of great significance to the implementation and construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The integration of culture and tourism has put forward new requirements for both cultural industry and tourism industry. Red tourism is rich in patriotic education content and has the function of improving the ideological and political quality of college students. Red tourism coincides with the requirements of ideological and political education, and at the same time closely fits the development needs of cultural and tourism integration in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Taking Zhuhai in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as an example, this paper makes full use of Zhuhai's tourism industry and tourism resources, deeply explores red tourism resources and combines them with civic education, so as to provide paths to support the development of red tourism projects in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and the cultivation of civic education talents in colleges and universities.

The bay area economy is of strategic importance to the progress of the world economy. As an important engine of national reform and opening up, the accelerated development of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is an important part of China’s national strategy. Drawing on the experience of the economic development in other successful bay area, it is clear that the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area should focus on the tourism and leisure industry. Based on the government statistics, a gray relational model and a vector auto-regression model (VAR) are employed to analyze the efficiency of the Tourism and Leisure Industry in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The results show that the progress of Tourism and Leisure Industry has a great driving effect on the other related industries, and there exists an interdependence between the tourism and leisure industry, GDP and investment in fixed assets within Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. It suggests that the government should take appropriate measures to promote cooperation and take corresponding industrial policies to boost the development of the Tourism and Leisure Industry in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay.

Environment, energy, and economy often constitute an interrelated and contradictory ternary system. In this study, Greater Bay Area around Hangzhou Bay Area is taken as the main research object, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is taken as the reference object. By constructing the index system of 3E system coordination evaluation model, the coordination degree and coordination status of ecological environment, energy consumption, and economic growth subsystems of the two areas are compared and analyzed, and the coupling relationship between 2E and 3E systems of Greater Bay Area around Hangzhou Bay and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is further studied. The results show that the eco-environmental coordination degree and energy consumption coordination degree of the cities in Greater Bay Area around Hangzhou Bay are between 0.4248–0.5668 and 0.4528–0.5874, respectively, which are in the state of weak coordination to primary coordination, while the economic growth coordination degree is between 0.5022 and 0.6878, which is in the state of primary coordination to intermediate coordination. The coupling of 2E system in Greater Bay Area around Hangzhou Bay and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area shows linear growth and nonlinear growth, respectively (R2 = 0.997), presenting a good coupling development overall. The coupling levels of ecological environment-energy consumption, ecological environment-economic growth, and energy consumption-economic growth in Greater Bay Area around Hangzhou Bay increase by 18.94, 86.72, and 98.20% respectively. The coupling of 3E systems between Greater Bay Area around Hangzhou Bay and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area presents a nonlinear development trend that is increasing year by year (R2 > 0.99), but the coupling level of 3E systems between the two is still low, both of which are in the primary/weak coordination state, while the overall growth rate of 3E system coupling in Greater Bay Area around Hangzhou Bay is higher than that of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.

With the deepening of the implementation of the “Outline of the Development Plan for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area”, the economic strength and regional competitiveness of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area have been greatly improved, and people with international vision are the indispensable elements of the world-class first-class Bay Area, and talent cultivation cannot be separated from higher education, so the higher education cooperation in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has high strategic significance. Experts and scholars have made suggestions on how to specifically implement the topic of “promoting the development of higher education cooperation” , and relevant research and expositions are constantly being updated, seeking breakthroughs for higher education cooperation in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, which is in the exploration stage. This paper argues that only by drawing the development map of higher education cooperation in the Greater Bay Area from the perspective of the rule of law and eliminating the differences in higher education concepts between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao in the system can we establish a global awareness of higher education cooperation in the Greater Bay Area, so as to ensure that the development of higher education cooperation in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area advances steadily on the track of rule of law.

梳理国内外自然生态空间管控理论得出，针对自然环境症状的管理方式不足以解决自然生态空间的整体性与复合性问题，研究提出综合多学科理论和多种空间管制规则，对全域自然生态空间的多元生态要素进行综合管控是生态空间管控的发展趋势。为探究自然生态空间综合管控的思路，以粤港澳大湾区为例，分析大湾区自然生态空间总体特征和主要城市的管制措施与特色，指出在增长背景下湾区自然生态空间管控中生态保护与社会发展之间存在的关键问题及产生的原因，针对性地提出大湾区自然生态空间管控的目标、层次、手段、部门、主体层面的转变方向，并详细探讨从湾区自然生态空间的生态服务功能、生态空间分级分类、动态管控指标、区域协同联动机制、空间管控权益主体等方面实施综合管控的具体思路，以促进湾区自然生态空间用途管制效力的提升。;After combing the natural ecological space management and control theories at home and abroad, it is concluded that factors such as physical geography, social economy, and land use changes jointly affect the material circulation, energy flow, biological migration and other key ecological processes of the natural ecological space. In the past, management methods for natural environmental symptoms were insufficient to solve the problems of the integrity and complexity of natural ecological spaces, this research puts forward comprehensive multi-disciplinary theories and multiple space control rules, comprehensive management and control of the multiple ecological elements of the entire natural ecological space is the development trend of ecological space management and control. In order to explore the idea of comprehensive management and control of natural ecological space, taking the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as an example, it analyzes the characteristics of the natural ecological space in the Greater Bay Area, such as rich ecological elements, diverse ecological patterns, diverse control systems, and complex development interests.At the same time, it analyzes the control measures and characteristics of the major cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and points out that in the context of growth, the following key issues and their causes exist in the management and control of the natural ecological space in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area:(1) Extensive guidelines for construction activities and reduced ecological service functions; (2) Inconsistent ecological space classification standards and low efficiency in the use of ecological land; (3) Separation of powers for space management and control, and insufficient ecological management and control; (4) Shared participation mechanism is not yet available perfect and so on. It is pointed out that the natural ecological space in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area should be strengthened to enhance the overall protection of the functional value of the natural ecological space; focus on the connection and refinement of multi-dimensional spatial classification; consider the development needs of cities and counties, and reserve flexible growth space to ensure ecological protection and protective utilization are equally important in the natural ecological space. It also discusses in detail the specific ideas for implementing comprehensive management and control from the ecological service functions of the natural ecological space in the Bay Area, the classification of ecological spaces, dynamic management and control indicators, regional coordination and linkage mechanisms, and space management and control rights and interests, so as to promote the enhancement of the control effectiveness of natural ecological space in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.