Abstract
This paper proposes novel solutions for the application of air pollution monitoring systems in so called ‘smart cities’. A possibility of the implementation of a relatively dense network of wireless air pollution sensors that can collect and process data in real time was the motive behind our research and investigations. We discuss the concept of the wireless sensor network, taking into account the structure of the urban development in cities and we present a novel signal processing algorithm that may be used to control the communication scheme between particular sensors and an external network. We placed a special emphasis on the computational complexity to facilitate the implementation directly at the transistor level of particular sensors. The algorithm was verified using real data obtained from air pollution sensors installed in Krakow, Poland. To ensure sufficient robustness of the variability of input data, we artificially added high amplitude noise to the real data we obtained. This paper demonstrates the performance of the algorithm. This algorithm allows for the reduction of the noise amplitude by 23 dB and enables a reduction of the number of wireless communication sessions with a base station (BS) by 70%–80%. We also present selected measurement results of a prototype current-mode digital-to-analogue converter to be used in the sensors, for signal resolutions up to 7 bits.
Highlights
IntroductionVarious types of air pollution, especially those designated as particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10 (smog), are hazardous to human health [1] (according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency)
Various types of air pollution, especially those designated as particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10, are hazardous to human health [1]
In the following two subsections, we briefly introduce the concept of high spatial resolution air pollution maps, as well as selected hardware components that may be used in the sensors
Summary
Various types of air pollution, especially those designated as particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10 (smog), are hazardous to human health [1] (according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency) This applies especially to those particles with a diameter below 2.5 μm, as their size allows them to enter the human blood directly. In the study [5], an airborne particulate matter effect on young children’s respiratory diseases was provided They observed that exposure to airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) carries substantial health risks, for younger children (0–10 years). This is because children under 10 years have a faster breathing rate compared to adolescents and adults, which results in inhalation of higher quantities of air
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