Abstract
Enzymatic luminescent systems are a promising tool for rapid detection of heavy metals ions for water quality assessment. Nevertheless, their widespread use is limited by the lack of test procedure automation and available sensitive handheld luminometers. Herein we describe integration of disposable microfluidic chips for bioluminescent enzyme-inhibition based assay with a handheld luminometer, which detection system is based on a thermally stabilized silicon photomultiplier (SiPM). Microfluidic chips were made of poly(methyl methacrylate) by micro-milling method and sealed using a solvent bonding technique. The composition of the bioluminescent system in microfluidic chip was optimized to achieve higher luminescence intensity and storage time. Results indicate that developed device provided comparable sensitivity with bench-scale PMT-based commercial luminometers. Limit of detection for copper (II) sulfate reached 2.5 mg/L for developed biosensor. Hereby we proved the concept of handheld enzymatic optical biosensors with disposable chips for bioassay. The proposed biosensor can be used as an early warning field-deployable system for rapid detection of heavy metals salts and other toxic chemicals, which affect bioluminescent signal of enzymatic reaction.
Highlights
Significant problem affecting human health is the global pollution of water sources by various types of organic and inorganic toxic substances [1]
The biosensor was composed of three main parts: a compact and portable luminometer, a disposable microfluidic chip and a sampler adapter (Figure 1)
The microfluidic chip had the dimensions 14.4 × 40.5 mm, which was less than a traditional glass microscope slide, and contained components of the coupled enzyme system Red+Luc co-immobilized into starch gel [23]
Summary
Significant problem affecting human health is the global pollution of water sources by various types of organic and inorganic toxic substances [1]. Analytical methods and tools that allow rapid and inexpensive monitoring of the environment are required. Traditional analytical methods such as mass spectrometry and chromatography are highly expensive and their application on an ongoing basis or in the field is limited. In this context, biosensors appear as suitable alternatives or complementary analytical tools [2]. A biosensor can be defined as an independently integrated receptor transducer device, which is capable of providing selective quantitative or semi-quantitative analytical information using a biological recognition element [3]. Immunosystems, tissues, organelles or whole cells as recognition elements to detect chemical compounds usually by electrical, Chemosensors 2019, 7, 16; doi:10.3390/chemosensors7010016 www.mdpi.com/journal/chemosensors
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