Halloysite-Starch based Nano-Composites and Applications

Application of metallic nanoparticles-amyloid protein supramolecular materials in tissue engineering and drug delivery: Recent progress and perspectives

Global environmental concerns about non-degradable packaging materials are increasing. Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), a polysaccharide widely used in the food industry, has gained attention in the field of food packaging. Due to its biodegradability, film-forming ability, and biocompatibility, CMCS has emerged as a sustainable option for degradable and functional food packaging materials, offering solutions to plastic pollution and food waste issues. This review explores CMCS as a food packaging and delivery material, detailing its synthesis methods, optimal preparation conditions, functional properties post-carboxymethylation, and applications in the food industry, alongside safety assessments. It summarizes the physicochemical interactions of CMCS-based composites and their impact on relevant properties, highlighting CMCS's potential as a green strategy for smart and active food packaging materials. Additionally, it presents the latest advancements in CMCS applications in the food industry over the past decade. CMCS exhibits good biocompatibility and antibacterial properties, and its functionality in food packaging films and delivery materials is enhanced through functional modification and polymerization. CMCS is widely used as a matrix for food preservation films or coatings and as a carrier for active ingredients, thereby improving the encapsulation efficiency and storage stability of functional food components. This review comprehensively outlines the applications of CMCS in the food industry, filling gaps in the existing literature, and laying a theoretical foundation for the development of CMCS technology. It provides a reference for further research, emphasizing the need to further investigate its molecular structure and chemical properties to optimize functionality and safety, thereby fully tapping into the potential of CMCS in the food industry.

Chapter 22 - Therapeutic Biomaterials from Chemically Modified Hyaluronan

Over the past few decades, gellan gum (GG) has attracted substantial research interest in several fields including biomedical and clinical applications. The GG has highly versatile properties like easy bio-fabrication, tunable mechanical, cell adhesion, biocompatibility, biodegradability, drug delivery, and is easy to functionalize. These properties have put forth GG as a promising material in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine fields. Nevertheless, GG alone has poor mechanical strength, stability, and a high gelling temperature in physiological conditions. However, GG physiochemical properties can be enhanced by blending them with other polymers like chitosan, agar, sodium alginate, starch, cellulose, pullulan, polyvinyl chloride, xanthan gum, and other nanomaterials, like gold, silver, or composites. In this review article, we discuss the comprehensive overview and different strategies for the preparation of GG based biomaterial, hydrogels, and scaffolds for drug delivery, wound healing, antimicrobial activity, and cell adhesion. In addition, we have given special attention to tissue engineering applications of GG, which can be combined with another natural, synthetic polymers and nanoparticles, and other composites materials. Overall, this review article clearly presents a summary of the recent advances in research studies on GG for different biomedical applications.

At present the pharmaceutical academia and industries are focusing on the use of natural materials and resources for development of pharmaceutical product. Due to advances in drug delivery technology, currently, excipients are included in novel dosage forms to fulfill specific functions. Various natural polymers are widely being studied as a potential carrier material for site specific drug delivery because of its non-toxic and biocompatible in nature. Natural polymers (polysaccharides) have been investigated for drug delivery applications as well as in biomedical fields. Modified polymer or synthetic polymers have found its application as a support material for cell culture, tissue engineering and gene delivery. Recent trends towards use of natural products or plant based products demand the replacement of synthetic additives with natural ones. These natural materials have many advantages over synthetic ones as they are biodegradable, chemically inert, less expensive, nontoxic and widely available. This review provides an overview of the different modified polymer derivatives and their applications with special consideration being put on biomedical engineering and controlled drug delivery.

The electrospinning technique, which was invented about 100 years ago, has attracted more attention in recent years due to its possible biomedical applications. Electrospun fibers with high surface area to volume ratio and structures mimicking extracellular matrix (ECM) have shown great potential in tissue engineering and drug delivery. In order to develop electrospun fibers for these applications, different biocompatible materials have been used to fabricate fibers with different structures and morphologies, such as single fibers with different composition and structures (blending and core-shell composite fibers) and fiber assemblies (fiber bundles, membranes and scaffolds). This review summarizes the electrospinning techniques which control the composition and structures of the nanofibrous materials. It also outlines possible applications of these fibrous materials in skin, blood vessels, nervous system and bone tissue engineering, as well as in drug delivery.

Self-assembled and nanostructured hydrogels for drug delivery and tissue engineering

During the last two decades learning from nature has given us new directions for the use of natural organic and inorganic skeletons, drug delivery devices, new medical treatment methods initiating unique designs and devices ranging from nanoto macro scale. These materials and designs have been instrumental to introduce the simplest remedies to vital problems in regenerative medicine, providing frameworks and highly accessible sources of osteopromotive analogues, naofibres, micro and macrospheres and mineralising proteins. This is exemplified by the biological effectiveness of marine structures such as corals and shells and sponge skeletons to house self-sustaining musculoskeletal tissues and to the promotion of bone formation by extracts of spongin and nacre seashells. Molecules pivotal to the regulation and guidance of bone morphogenesis and particularly the events in mineral metabolism and deposition similarly exist in the earliest marine organisms because they represent the first molecular components established for calcification, morphogenesis and wound healing. It emerges that bone morphogenic protein (BMP) molecules-the main cluster of bone growth factors for human bone morphogenesis-are secreted by endodermal cells into the developing skeleton. Signalling proteins, TGF and Wnt-prime targets in bone therapeutics-are present in early marine sponge development. Furthermore, ready-made organic and inorganic marine skeletons possess a habitat suitable for proliferating added mesenchymal stem cell populations and promoting clinically acceptable bone formation. In this paper we review the nature, morphology and extent of this association and use of these structures for bone grafts, drug delivery and extracts such as proteins for regenerative medicine. As an example, in human biology a study of matrix vesicles will teach us valuable lessons on how proteins are captured and coated; and how the vesicle is able to dock and fuse with their target. We will describe significant technological trends aimed at producing delivery vehicles using natural-origin soft and hard organized matter; fabricated into capsules and cell-delineated assemblies.Therole model for this specific biomimicry is the filtering microskeleton of Foraminifera. We will outline new selected strategies based on our and others works for the engineering of new bone, based on biomimicry themes using these bioceramics building blocks.

Silk--elastin-like protein polymers (SELPs), consisting of the repeating units of silk and elastin blocks, combine a set of outstanding physical and biological properties of silk and elastin. Because of the unique properties, SELPs have been widely fabricated into various materials for the applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering. However, little is known about the fundamental self-assembly characteristics of these remarkable polymers. Here we propose a two-step self-assembly process of SELPs in aqueous solution for the first time and report the importance of the ratio of silk-to-elastin blocks in a SELP's repeating unit on the assembly of the SELP. Through precise tuning of the ratio of silk to elastin, various structures including nanoparticles, hydrogels, and nanofibers could be generated either reversibly or irreversibly. This assembly process might provide opportunities to generate innovative smart materials for biosensors, tissue engineering, and drug delivery. Furthermore, the newly developed SELPs in this study may be potentially useful as biomaterials for controlled drug delivery and biomedical engineering.

Due to their characteristic properties, biodegradable nature and non-toxicity, clay-biopolymer based composites have many applications in such advanced fields as drug release, antimicrobial activities, wound healing, tissue engineering, wastewater treatment, food packaging and flame retardant materials. The book reviews fabrication, properties and applications of a great variety of these materials.

Marine structures like any other natural living structures are made with immaculate resource and energy efciency using common, readily available materials through selfassembly into highly organized hierarchies. All functional structures optimized to their environment are produced in this way. This gives us the opportunity to produce structures with intricate shapes and architectures that are tailored to their functions. Biomimetic approaches using marine structures have yield promising outcomes for application in the tissue engineering of skeletal tissues (Weiner 1986, 2008). One such approach involves conjuring material environments at the molecular and macromolecular scales that try toCONTENTS30.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 575 30.2 Using Biomimicry for Tissue Engineering ..................................................................... 57830.2.1 Musculoskeletal Tissues ....................................................................................... 578 30.2.2 Natural Templates .................................................................................................. 579 30.2.3 Coral as Bone Graft Material ................................................................................580

Thermo-responsive polymers: Applications of smart materials in drug delivery and tissue engineering

Biosynthesis and characterization of deuterated chitosan in filamentous fungus and yeast

s, and 360 patents, and edited 12 books. He has also received over 80 major awards including the Gairdner Foundation International Award, Lemelson-MIT prize, ACS’s Applied Polymer Science and Polymer Chemistry Awards, AICHE’s Professional Progress, Bioengineering, Walker and Stine Materials Science and Engineering Awards. In 1989, Dr. Langer was elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences, and in 1992 he was elected to both the National Academy of Engineering and the National Academy of Sciences. He is the only active member of all three National Academies. Kevin Shakesheff was born in Ashington, Northumberland, U.K., in 1969. He received his Bacheclor of Pharmacy degree from the University of Nottingham in 1991 and a Ph.D. from the same institution in 1995. In 1996 he became a NATO Postdoctoral Fellow at MIT, Department of Chemical Engineering. He is currently an EPSRC Advanced Fellow at the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Nottingham. His research group investigates new methods of engineering polymer surfaces and the application of these engineered materials in drug delivery and tissue engineering. 3182 Chemical Reviews, 1999, Vol. 99, No. 11 Uhrich et al.

Biomimetics and Marine Materials in Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering