Halicryptus higginsi n.sp. (Priapulida): A Giant New Species from Barrow, Alaska

Abstract

A new species of Priapulida was discovered from the Beaufort Sea near Barrow, Alaska. Following an unusually strong autumnal storm, 30 adult specimens of Halicryptus higginsi n.sp. were collected, many alive, from intertidal beaches Additional specimens were found in museum collections misidentified as Halicryptus spinulosus von Siebold 1849. The new species represents the 11th priapulid species described since 1968 and increases the number of described extant species of Priapulida to 18. While all other recently described priapulids have been meiofaunal, Halicryptus higginsi n.sp. is macrofaunal and the largest extant priapulid species, with one specimen being 39 cm long in a contracted condition. Additional key words: arctic, benthos In recent years the concept of the marine phylum Priapulida has changed radically, from that of a macrobenthic, cold-water taxon, to one that is more speciose in the tropical meiofauna. Before 1968, only 7 extant species were known and additional species had been described from the fossil record; all extant species were macrobenthic and found only in cold-water habitats (Higgins et al. 1993). In 1968 the first meiobenthic priapulid, Tubiluchus corallicola VAN DER LAND 1968, was described from a tropical, shallowwater habitat (van der Land 1968). Since 1968 an additional 9 priapulid species, all meiobenthic and mostly inhabitants of tropical, shallow-water sediments, have been described. Tubiluchus arcticus ADRIANOV, MALAKOV, CHESUNOV, & TSETLIN 1989 is the only cold-water species that has been described in recent years, and it is a meiofaunal priapulid that inhabits shallow-water sediments in the arctic (Adrianov et al. 1989). During a survey of museum specimens of priapulids, one of us (VS) discovered that specimens in the United States National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, misidentified as Halicryptus spinulosus von Siebold from Barrow, Alaska, had been used for scanning electron microscopy (Merriman 1981) and instead represented a new and undescribed congener. Subsequent to the museum discovery we found larvae and juveniles of the undescribed species a Author for correspondence. E-mail: fftcs@uaf.edu in the shallow subtidal during two expeditions to Barrow, Alaska in 1991 and 1992, but did not find adults of the new species. Following an unusually strong autumnal storm in 1993, 30 adult specimens of Halicryptus higginsi n.sp. were collected, many alive, from intertidal beaches near Barrow. In this paper we describe the new species and compare it with H. spinulosus. The larvae will be described in a separate pub-