Hafnium Triflate as an Efficient Catalyst for Direct Friedel–Crafts Reactions of Chromene Hemiacetals

Abstract

AbstractThe direct Friedel–Crafts reaction of chromene hemiacetals with indoles, furans and sterically hindered anilines has been accomplished with high selectivity and excellent yields in the presence of a catalytic amount of hafnium triflate [Hf(OTf)4, 0.1 mol%, 0–40 °C]. The mild conditions tolerate various sensitive functional and protecting groups, and the products were confirmed unambiguously from their spectra and by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. This direct Friedel–Crafts reaction of chromene hemiacetals should inspire and encourage the consideration of hafnium triflate in the development of mild reaction conditions for the efficient derivatization of hemiacetal‐containing compounds.