Haemolytic Disease of Newborn in a baby Delivered by Mother with Complete Anti-D Prophylaxis: An Unusual Case Report

Abstract

Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN), also known as erythroblastosis foetalis, is an immune-mediated disorder among neonates with a wide range of clinical presentations. The occurrence of HDN due to ABO-Rh incompatibility between the mother and baby is becoming rare due to increased knowledge of the disease and adherence to Good Clinical Practices (GCP) during pregnancy. This case report highlights a rare case of HDN in which, despite following GCP, standard care, an uneventful antenatal period, and timely administration of Anti-D immunoprophylaxis, the mother delivered a baby with HDN. The baby was successfully managed by a group of skilled and caring clinicians. Therefore, it is crucial to screen all at-risk mothers for HDN to identify it earlier and treat it successfully. This case report is rare in terms of the baby’s survival with HDN born to a mother who had already received timely Anti-D immunoprophylaxis. Additionally, there is a need to emphasise on recent advances in diagnosis, such as foetal Doppler studies, and treatment options.