Haemodialysis‐unresponsive blood pressure: Cardiovascular mortality predictor?

Abstract

The importance of 'conventional' cardiovascular risk factors in haemodialysis (HD) patients has been questioned following evidence that pre-HD blood pressure (BP) might be inversely related to mortality in contrast to post-HD BP. To evaluate this reverse BP epidemiology in HD patients, HD-induced BP changes were compared with aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality. Aortic PWV was evaluated in a limited care HD cohort, all of whom were asymptomatic of cardiovascular disease. Of 47 limited care patients, 45% were classified as HD responsive, with a 17% fall in mean arterial pressure compared with a 6% increase in the HD-unresponsive group. While there were no significant differences between the two groups in traditional vascular disease risk factors or interdialytic weight loss, PWV was significantly elevated in the HD-unresponsive group (12.9 +/- 2.7 compared with 10.8 +/- 2.9; P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the change in BP during HD and PWV in all subjects (r = 0.500; P < 0.001 for systolic blood pressure (SBP), a correlation that also existed for diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P < 0.01). This study suggests that patients with HD-unresponsive BP are more likely to have vascular disease and this association between PWV and HD-induced BP changes might partly explain the apparent paradox of pre- and post-HD BP with mortality. It is proposed that a population with elevated post-HD BP is more likely to be composed of subjects with vascular disease (overt or occult), in contrast to a group with high pre-HD BP, which will be more heterogeneous.