Abstract
Loss of muscle mass and strength are progressing with aging. Exercise is a beneficial method to prevent physical dysfunction, and habitual exercise can improve the muscle quality. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of long-term habitual exercise’s impact on sarcopenia utilizing the senescence-accelerated mice prone8 (SAMP8) model. Notably, 27 w SAMP8 were used in this study. Mice were classified into 28 (28 w) and 44 weeks old. The 44-week group was divided into the sedentary group (44 w) and a group exercising for 16 weeks (44 w + Ex). The 44 w + Ex performed habitual exercise from 28 to 44 weeks. Additionally, grip strength tests were performed with mice aged 28 and 44 weeks. Muscles were harvested and measured muscle weight at 44 w. Gastrocnemius decreased in 44 w, but was unchanged in 44 w + Ex. There was a trend for lower muscle grip strength in the 44 w group, but there was no change in 44 w + Ex. The phosphorylation levels of Akt and p70S6K as a protein synthesis marker were decreased in 44 w. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV (CoxIV) mRNA and protein levels decreased in 44 w. These results suggested that long-term habitual exercise attenuates muscle mass and strength decline, possibly through maintenance of muscle protein synthesis and mitochondrial maintenance.
Highlights
Aging is an inevitable process in animals, including humans, and has various effects on the body.For example, aging affects the functioning of the brain, nerves, and intestines
c oxidase subunit IV (CoxIV) gene of 14 expression was changed in the 44 w mice, so we examined the protein expression in COXIV. 11
Guo et al reported that senescence-accelerated mice prone8 (SAMP8) muscle mass peaked at 7 months old and muscle strength decline began at 8 months old; we used 28 weeks old (7 months old) SAMP8 [24]
Summary
Aging is an inevitable process in animals, including humans, and has various effects on the body.For example, aging affects the functioning of the brain, nerves, and intestines. The EWGSOP recommend using both the loss of skeletal muscle mass and the loss of muscle function Geriatrics 2020, 5, 48 physical ability) for diagnosis of sarcopenia. This definition is more complex, because muscle strength is dependent on muscle mass, and function [3,4]. Studies have reported that various forms of exercise have positive effects on preventing sarcopenia. Kryger reported that resistance training by women at an advanced age could increase skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength [7]. The effects of habitual exercise have been studied [8,9,10]
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