Habitat preferences of European Nightjars Caprimulgus europaeus in forests on sandy soils

Abstract

Capsule Nightjars prefer open places in younger forest areas, and open stands with wide forest tracks in older forest areas. Aims European Nightjars are a Species of European Conservation Concern (historical declines in both population and range). The reduction of heathland habitats means that forested areas are an increasingly important habitat for Nightjars. However, the ecology of Nightjars in forested areas is poorly understood. We set out to investigate Nightjar habitat preferences in a 5000‐ha forest landscape in northern Belgium. Methods Calling ‘churring’ males were counted in each year over ten years. Habitat descriptors were derived from detailed habitat mapping based on aerial photographs and extensive field surveys. The different habitat descriptors were compared between patches occupied by Nightjars and control patches (patches selected at random in the study area). Results As expected, Nightjars showed a preference for open places in younger forest areas (clear‐felled areas, young stands, windfall and permanent open places). They also showed a preference for old and open stands that had wide forest tracks. Forest type appeared not to be significant. Heath, bare sand and, to a lesser extent, leaf litter have an increased presence in patches used by Nightjars. Conclusion For the conservation of Nightjars, we suggest that open places within larger forests should be created. Also a network of wide forest tracks can make smaller patches suitable for Nightjars. Patches of bare sand should be created or maintained.