Abstract

Insectivorous birds may adjust their foraging strategies to exploit changes in resource distributions. Arthropod prey strongly influence habitat-specific persistence of long-distance migrant passerines in their wintering areas, and arthropods are strongly affected by rainfall. However, the effect of drought on the dynamics of avian foraging ecology as resources shift is not well understood. We captured female American Redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla) and studied their foraging behavior in high-quality (evergreen black mangrove) and low-quality (deciduous scrub) habitat in Jamaica during the winter of 1995–1996. As is typical in southwestern Jamaica, conditions became drier as spring approached and many trees in scrub lost most of their leaves; mangrove trees maintained most of their leaf cover. Birds in scrub lost more mass than those in mangrove, and scrub birds shifted to using more aerial (and fewer near-perch) maneuvers. In scrub, but not in mangrove, the proportion of wing-powered movements and aerial foraging maneuvers was positively correlated with mass corrected by body size. In both habitats, attack rate was negatively correlated with body condition. Therefore, redstarts in scrub that maintained body condition were likely better able to use energetically expensive aerial maneuvers and wing-powered search movements to exploit large, calorie-rich flying arthropods. As the scrub dried over the course of the winter, the shift in foraging tactic may have allowed some birds to forage more efficiently (i.e., lower attack rate), likely facilitating maintenance of good body condition. RESUMEN El habitat y la condicion corporal influye sobre la conducta de forrajeo de Setophaga ruticilla durante el periodo no-reproductivo Las aves insectivoras pueden ajustar sus estrategias de forrajeo para explotar los cambios que puedan ocurrir en la distribucion de recursos. La disponibilidad de artropodos utilizados como presas, en donde la presencia y cantidad de estos puede ser afectada por las lluvias, influye grandemente sobre la persistencia de paserinos migratorios invernales, que vuelan largas distancias, a habitats especificos invernales. Sin embargo, el efecto de sequias y la dinamica de la ecologia de forrajeo, en habitats diferentes, con referencia a cambios en la disponibilidad de recursos no es del todo bien entendido. Capturamos hembras de la Reinita candelita (Setophaga ruticilla), y estudiamos su conducta de forrajeo en un habitat de alta calidad (mangle negro) y un habitat pobre (matorral deciduo) durante el invierno del 1995–1996 en Jamaica. Como es tipico del suroeste de Jamaica, las condiciones fueron mas secas segun se acerco la primavera y muchos arboles y arbustos perdieron las hojas, pero el mangle negro mantuvo gran parte de su follaje. Las aves en el matorral perdieron mas masa que las aves en el manglar y hubo un cambio en utilizar mas capturas a vuelos que alimentarse en perchas. En el matorral, pero no asi en el mangle, la proporcion de movimientos propulsados por las alas y uso de forrajeo por aire, estuvo correlacionado positivamente con el tamano del cuerpo. En ambos habitats, la tasa de ataque aereo estuvo negativamente correlacionada con la condicion corporal. Por tanto, las reinitas en habitat de matorral que pudieron mantener su condicion corporal fueron mas propensas a utilizar forrajeo aereo, de mayor gasto energetico, y a utilizar artropodos voladores de gran valor calorico. Segun fue secandose el matorral a lo largo del invierno, el cambio en tacticas de forrajeo, puede haberle permitido a algunas aves a forrajear de forma mas eficiente (ej. una tasa menor de ataques aereos), facilitando el mantenimiento de una buena condicion corporal.

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