H 2S-sensing properties of SnO 2 produced by ball milling and different chemical reactions

Abstract

In this work, the mechanochemical synthesis of a moderately agglomerated tin oxide (SnO 2) powders and the subsequent preparation of semiconductor gas sensors as prototypes, were studied. Tin (II) chloride (SnCl 2) powder was milled with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2) and potassium carbonate, (K 2CO 3) powder, respectively, in a ball mill at room temperature and in an air atmosphere. Heat treatment of milled mixtures at 400 °C resulted in the formation of a tetragonal phase, confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). During milling in the presence of water, a high number of hydroxide (OH) groups are formed at the surface. When SnCl 2 was milled with K 2CO 3, no water was produced and the Fourier-transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR) of the powder has no surface hydroxyl deformations. On exposure to hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) gas, the particles, prepared from anhydrous powder, have higher sensitivity than these, prepared from hydrated powder. The SnO 2 thick film, prepared from anhydrous powder may be successfully applied to a H 2S gas sensor.