Abstract
Calcium sulfate, commonly known as natural gypsum, is found in nature in different forms, mainly as the dihydrate (CaSO4 · 2H2O) and anhydrite (CaSO4). They are products of partial or total evaporation of inland seas and lakes. Both the dihydrate and the anhydrite occur in nature in a variety of forms. The origin of gypsum, its genesis, varieties and properties are discussed, and the focus is then on the most common binding material produced from it, plaster of Paris (β-hemihydrate), known in France as ‘plâtre de Paris’, in the USA as ‘calcined gypsum’, and in Germany as ‘Stuckgips’. Details are given of the properties of gypsum paste (setting, expansion, and adhesion) and of hardened gypsum (strength, bulk weight, thermal expansion, volume and linear changes under humidity fluctuations, moisture absorption, paintability, corrosivity, thermal and acoustic insulation behaviour, and fire resistance).
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