Gynist Epistemology and the Making of a Modern Nigeria

This longitudinal evaluation of gender inequalities and economic growth addresses key questions in the evolving debate over the character of gender differentiation and the goals of womens empowerment. These questions include: 1) whether the impact of strategies of economic growth served to enhance or undermine the status of women; 2) whether changes in the status of women were accompanied by significant changes in gender inequality; and 3) the implications for existing debates. Section I reviews several sets of literature pertinent to the questions using three general approaches: modernization-neoclassical women in development and gender and development. Section II presents the data and methods used in the evaluation. The research assessed the contending interpretations reviewed in the first section by combining another set of cross-sectional and longitudinal data on womens status and inequalities between men and women with other existing indicators. Section III discusses the results in the following order: 1) cross-sectional patterns in womens status; 2) trends in womens status; 3) cross-sectional patterns in inequality between men and women; 4) trends in inequality between men and women; and 5) conclusion. Finally section IV presents an overall discussion of the findings of the whole longitudinal evaluation.

Sukabumi Regency offered a very charming natural that attracted the eyes of tourists. Due to Sukabumi District's vast natural resources, local people recognised the term GURILAPS which stands for Mountain, Jungle, Sea, Beach and River. In addition, there are many popular natural resource-based tourism sites in Sukabumi District, especially Region 7 which consists of several sub-districts; Pabuaran, Sagaranten, Curug Kembar, Cidadap, Tegal Buled, and Cidolog which can be potential as tourism sites. However, these abundant natural resources have not been fully managed. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the tourism potential of Sukabumi District. The method used was descriptive analysis. The results of the identification can be concluded that Sukabumi Regency has abundant resources, both natural and socio-cultural resources that can be used as tourism and have the potential to be developed.

Indonesia has abundant natural and human resources. With a large population and abundant natural resources, Indonesia has the potential to become the centre of the world economy. But in reality, Indonesia faces many challenges. With such abundant wealth, corruption, economic growth, and poverty are the biggest problems in Indonesia. Corruption is closely related to the economic condition of society. This study aims to analyse the impact of corruption on the poverty rate in Indonesia. Using secondary data published by the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) from 2018 to 2022, a panel data regression model in 34 provinces in Indonesia was used to obtain 170 data samples. The researcher found that the Corruption Perception Index (CPI), which is considered an indicator of the level of corruption in Indonesia, has a negative and significant impact on the poverty rate. On the other hand, GR as an indicator of economic growth in Indonesia has a negative and significant impact on Indonesia's economic growth. In this study, economic growth is able to moderate the interaction relationship between corruption and poverty levels in Indonesia. Although Indonesia in the 2018-2022 timeframe has always experienced growth, this is also in line with the higher level of corruption in Indonesia, which has an impact on the high disparity and poverty in Indonesia. Therefore, the government and society must work together to fight corruption and reduce poverty by improving transparency and increasing public participation in order to reduce inequality and poverty among Indonesians.

BackgroundThe shifting baseline syndrome is a concept from ecology that can be analyzed in the context of ethnobotanical research. Evidence of shifting baseline syndrome can be found in studies dealing with intracultural variation of knowledge, when knowledge from different generations is compared and combined with information about changes in the environment and/or natural resources.MethodsWe reviewed 84 studies published between 1993 and 2012 that made comparisons of ethnobotanical knowledge according to different age classes. After analyzing these studies for evidence of the shifting baseline syndrome (lower knowledge levels in younger generations and mention of declining abundance of local natural resources), we searched within these studies for the use of the expressions “cultural erosion”, “loss of knowledge”, or “acculturation”.ResultsThe studies focused on different groups of plants (e.g. medicinal plants, foods, plants used for general purposes, or the uses of specific important species). More than half of all 84 studies (57%) mentioned a concern towards cultural erosion or knowledge loss; 54% of the studies showed evidence of the shifting baseline syndrome; and 37% of the studies did not provide any evidence of shifting baselines (intergenerational knowledge differences but no information available about the abundance of natural resources).Discussion and conclusionsThe general perception of knowledge loss among young people when comparing ethnobotanical repertoires among different age groups should be analyzed with caution. Changes in the landscape or in the abundance of plant resources may be associated with changes in ethnobotanical repertoires held by people of different age groups. Also, the relationship between the availability of resources and current plant use practices rely on a complexity of factors. Fluctuations in these variables can cause changes in the reference (baseline) of different generations and consequently be responsible for differences in intergenerational knowledge. Unraveling the complexity of changes in local knowledge systems in relation to environmental changes will allow the identification of more meaningful information for resource conservation.

Abundant natural resources play an important role in boosting economic growth. However, as the Dutch disease emerged in the 1970s, innumerable researchers were attracted to investigate the negative impact of abundant natural resources on economic growth. The issue has been rigorously discussed in a large number of previous studies. However, they did not investigate the effect of economic growth on natural resource abundance. Therefore, this study embarks on an investigation into the effect of economic growth on natural resource abundance in selected ASEAN countries, namely Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Brunei, the Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia and Indonesia. This study employs the static panel method to analyse data ranging from 2000 to 2016. The results show that foreign direct investment and direct investment can have negative impacts on natural resource abundance. An increase in economic growth, on the other hand, can have a positive impact of natural resource abundance. Other factors such as financial development, trade openness and governance do not influence natural resource abundance. Therefore, these findings can shed light for policymakers to formulate policies for future references as the outcomes based on before the spread of Covid-19 diseases. The countries can enhance economic growth to pave the way for more exploration of natural resources. Higher economic growth can lead to more advanced technologies and thus it is easy to extract more natural resources. Foreign direct investment and direct investment should be controlled to ensure that natural resources will not be exhausted.Keywords: natural resource abundance; economic growth; static panel; ASEANJEL Classifications: O13, Q32, Q33, Q38, Q56DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.10615

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the natural resources curse on entrepreneurship by putting gender on the agenda and verifying the Kuznets relationship. Indeed, until now, the issue of gender in relation to natural resources has been less addressed by many authors, and more often than not, natural resources are fatally perceived as a curse, rather than a blessing. Design/methodology/approach Using a sample of 48 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, a set of variables collected from the World Development Indicator dataset over the period from 1990 to 2018; this research combined parametric and non-parametric models. The feminist liberal theory, the evolutionary and the endogenous growth theories have been carried to build our theoretical framework. Findings Our results validate the natural resource blessing hypothesis, since natural resources improve the number of entrepreneurs, but with a greater effect on female entrepreneurship. The results also show that natural resource positively influences entrepreneurship, but this relationship is nonlinear. This result also confirms the inverted relationship of the Kuznets curve between the abundance of natural resources and entrepreneurship, and the existence of a dependence on natural resources. Consequently, to avoid natural resource dependence and the natural resource curse trap, SSA countries need to combine actions such as economic diversification, investment in education and training, urban development and infrastructure and the implementation of proactive policies that promote equitable access to natural resource rents. Research limitations/implications Although this article brings new insight, our model does not take into account the constraints and responsibilities that weigh differently on men and women. Therefore, using microeconomic data, future work should be able to mobilize feminist econometrics models to analyze individual factors that could explain why the effect of natural resources is greater on female entrepreneurship compared to male entrepreneurship. Practical implications Overall, our results imply that measures must be taken to promote and support women’s entrepreneurship and innovation in the extractive sector. Better still, public authorities should set up training and mentoring programs for women in the mining and agricultural sectors; create women’s cooperatives to facilitate access to markets and finance; adopt fair recruitment and promotion policies within extractive companies; encourage innovation and diversification by investing in entrepreneurial projects linked to the local transformation of resources (e.g. agro-industry and renewable energies); and support innovative small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) via dedicated funds (e.g. incubators and loans at preferential rates). Policies should also include gender clauses in contracts for the exploitation of natural resources (e.g. employment quotas for women); strengthen laws against discrimination in access to land ownership and capital; develop school and vocational programs focusing on female entrepreneurship; and raise awareness of gender stereotypes from an early age to change mentalities. Also, a combination of factors such as economic diversification, the creation of sovereign wealth funds, investment in education and training, in urban development and infrastructure, and putting in place proactive policies will enable SSA countries to avoid dependence on natural resources and the natural resource curse trap. Originality/value This document sheds new light on the issue of natural resources and their role in social life. It is generally believed that the abundance of natural resources is inevitably a curse for the country that possesses them on its territory. It is also known that the natural resources sector is exclusively reserved for men to the detriment of women. This paper, therefore, shows that the effect of natural resources on the economy is a gendered phenomenon which requires a specifically feminist analysis. The paper also shows that, rather than fatally accepting the thesis of the natural resources curse, the relationship between natural resources and entrepreneurship should be placed in an evolutionary perspective and considered the inverted-U relationship.

The impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the host country’s economic growth is often discussed without considering the abundance of natural resources in the host country. The present study examines the relationship between FDI and economic growth while considering the presence of natural resources. Using panel data regression with data from 124 countries, the study finds that FDI inflows are increasing significantly, with pronounced differences between countries based on their per capita income levels. The results of the panel data regression analysis show that both FDI and natural resources positively affect economic growth. However, an increase in natural resources reduces the overall impact of FDI on economic growth. This result suggests that countries should attract FDI in sectors outside of natural resources to maximize the positive effects of FDI on economic growth.JEL Classification: F43, O4, P28, P45, Q0How to Cite:Fajrian, M. A., Achsani, N. A., & Widyastutik. (2023). Foreign Direct Investment, Abundance of Natural Resources, and Economic Growth. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 12(1), 11-26. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v12i1.29975.

The impact of abundancy of resources and regime type on income inequality: The case of less-developed countries

Sustainable development entails a developmental pathway that maximizes the utilization of natural and human resources while ensuring their harmonious integration into the developmental framework. Environmental stewardship, which yields social, economic, and cultural advantages, should adhere to principles of caution, environmental inclusivity, decentralization, and acknowledgment of, as well as reverence for, indigenous wisdom and ecological integrity. Community welfare can be achieved by meeting fundamental needs, one of which is education. Quality resources will be able to contribute to more sophisticated technological advances so as to increase production efficiency. This study analyzes the role of the Natural Resources Revenue Sharing Fund (DBH SDA) on government investment in education in 491 districts/cities in Indonesia using panel data regression analysis. The results of the analysis showed that per capita DBH SDA in Indonesia in the 2010-2012 research period had a positive and significant influence on government investment in education. The selection of the period was based on the consideration that there had been a resource boom during which the world’s demand for natural resource commodities increased, followed by an increase in commodity prices, so that it had a positive impact on increasing the source of revenue for countries or regions that had an abundance of natural resources.

A 12-Year North American Longitudinal Study of Gender Equity and Equality in Gastroenterology

The studied sites in the Riyadh region are characterized by a great abundance of natural and human resources throughout the year. So, they are qualified to invest solar energy as one of the most important sources of natural alternative energy, due to the abundance of solar radiation regularly during the year and its high intensity especially in the summer. This season is the period of the maximum demand for electric power.Solar energy is regularly available in the Riyadh area during 4380 hours of solar brightness per year at the studied sites. The solar energy of the Riyadh region during this period can provide a huge potential for electricity production with the renewable energy technologies and projects. So, the alternative solar energy can be required without high costs compared to the traditional energy resources draining most state budget and causing the large environment pollution.The production of electricity as an alternative renewable energy resource to traditional energy resources is one of the priorities of the future projects in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which seeks to diversify its sources of energy by providing the maximum of the alternative energy. This alternative option has become the priority of sustainable development, which aims to preserve human and natural resources with reducing the electricity production cost. This option make possible the gradual absorption of traditional energy sources polluting the environment and threatened with depletion.

ABSTRACTA crisis in leadership, political instability and extreme state control of natural resources has marred Africa’s economic development over the years. these negative extremities paradoxically exist amidst a copious and generous endowment of abundant and diverse natural resources. State actors dominate the political scene, clamping down on any form of opposition to their hegemonic rules. they appear to seek to change leadership, often unconstitutionally, not for the wider benefit of the society, but to satisfy their selfish and narrow interests. The illegitimacy of the mode of change generates feelings of insecurity that compel such leaders to want to perpetuate themselves and their cronies in office. In order to finance their costly security requirements or manage the crisis they might have created, they fall back on state resources, exploiting them unsustainably to generate income and foreign exchange without channelling such earnings towards state development. this article reviews the development trajectory and challenges facing political transformations in post-independence Africa. Africa’s development stalemate is blamed on the tragedy of self-inflicted and constantly erupting political crises; failure to raise investment capital from abundant natural resources; and limited capacity of states to provide the necessary infrastructure for development. Continued reliance on development partners for development capital has not yielded desired results.

Luthu Lamweu Village, located in Aceh Besar Regency, has abundant natural resources, including a waterfall tourist attraction and locally processed products such as Janeng flour, asam sunti (starfruit seasoning), and handicrafts made from coconut leaves. Although the tourist attraction is beginning to draw visitors, access to the site and supporting infrastructure remains limited. This community service program aims to further assess the village’s potential for developing as a tourist destination by leveraging its natural and human resources. The strategic approach involves conducting observations and facilitating focus group discussions with local residents to gain insights and foster collaborative planning. The observation results indicate that the village holds significant potential by capitalizing on its abundant natural resources, such as transforming its waterfalls into tourist attractions and leveraging local products as key assets. Findings from the focus group discussions echoed this potential but highlighted a major concern: the lack of community participation, which remains a significant issue for village officials. According to the resource person’s presentation, 60% community participation is required to establish a successful tourist village. Therefore, the residents of Luthu Lamweu Village currently need a group that can initiate and mobilize community engagement and enthusiasm.

An empirical note on comparison between resource abundance and resource dependence in resource abundant countries

This scientific article presents the outcomes of a real work lecture, known as KKN, conducted by students from Pattimura University in Assilulu Village, Maluku Tengah. The objective of the study was to contribute to environmental preservation and human resource development by focusing on the planting of hybrid coconut seeds. The study employed a method involving the purchase of 20 coconut seedlings from local communities, which were then planted in vacant land owned by Assilulu Village, specifically in front of SD Negeri 170 Assilulu. The implementation of this initiative occurred on May 11, 2023, as part of the KKN program. The results of the study indicate that the community of Assilulu, with its abundant natural resources, can benefit from the maximization of these resources. The planting of hybrid coconut seedlings not only provides valuable insights into their cultivation but also contributes to the enhancement of human resources in Assilulu Village, thus achieving a balance between natural resources and human capital. This research highlights the importance of sustainable environmental practices and the cultivation of high-quality human resources in rural communities. It has implications for community-based initiatives aiming to promote environmental sustainability and human resource development in similar contexts.
 Highlight:
 
 Integration of knowledge: The KKN program allows students to integrate their academic knowledge with practical applications in the community, fostering a holistic understanding of their field of study.
 Environmental preservation: The focus on planting hybrid coconut seeds in Assilulu Village highlights the importance of utilizing natural resources sustainably and promoting greener practices for environmental preservation.
 Human resource development: The KKN initiative contributes to the development of high-quality human resources in Assilulu Village, aligning with the goal of creating a balance between natural resources and human capital.
 
 Keyword:Real Work Lectures, KKN, Higher Education, Community Integration, Hybrid Coconut Planting