Abstract
The dynamics of the tripartite relationship between the host, gut bacteria and diet in the gut is relatively unknown. An imbalance between harmful and protective gut bacteria, termed dysbiosis, has been linked to many diseases and has most often been attributed to high-fat dietary intake. However, we recently clarified that the type of fat, not calories, were important in the development of murine colitis. To further understand the host-microbe dynamic in response to dietary lipids, we fed mice isocaloric high-fat diets containing either milk fat, corn oil or olive oil and performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the colon microbiome and mass spectrometry-based relative quantification of the colonic metaproteome. The corn oil diet, rich in omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, increased the potential for pathobiont survival and invasion in an inflamed, oxidized and damaged gut while saturated fatty acids promoted compensatory inflammatory responses involved in tissue healing. We conclude that various lipids uniquely alter the host-microbe interaction in the gut. While high-fat consumption has a distinct impact on the gut microbiota, the type of fatty acids alters the relative microbial abundances and predicted functions. These results support that the type of fat are key to understanding the biological effects of high-fat diets on gut health.
Highlights
The mammalian gut has co-evolved with thousands of bacterial species and together they form a complex dynamic relationship of which the physiological consequences are largely undiscovered.The gut microbial ecosystem has the potential to influence the overall health status of the mammalian host by forming an interface between the gut mucosal surface and the luminal food ingested into the body
Observed species richness and Chao1 were increased with corn oil and milk fat exposure whereas the olive oil diet resulted in similar richness to the low-fat chow
We found that the milk fat group had cecal acetic, propionic and butyric acid to understand if the predicted changes in metabolic pathways similar levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) as the low-fat chow groups whereas both olive oil and corn oil groups resulted affected the bioavailability of SCFAs
Summary
The gut microbial ecosystem has the potential to influence the overall health status of the mammalian host by forming an interface between the gut mucosal surface and the luminal food ingested into the body. Molecular crosstalk between the microbiome and the host epithelium influences intestinal barrier function, in part through the release of microbial metabolites like short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) [1]. Increased intestinal permeability caused by a disruption of the microbiome, termed dysbiosis, has been implicated in diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), obesity and diabetes [2]. High-fat diets have been shown to induce dysbiosis, primarily characterized by the escalation of Firmicutes accompanied by a decrease of Bacteroidetes [3,4]. Changes in microbes induced through diet modulate major gene networks including signal transduction, inflammation, histamine, cell migration and Nutrients 2019, 11, 418; doi:10.3390/nu11020418 www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
