Abstract
Childhood is a critical stage of development during which diet can have profound influence on the microbiota–host interactions, leading to potentially lifelong impacts. This study aimed to investigate whether the consumption of cafeteria diet (CAFD) and sugary drinks during early rat life alters the structure of the gut microbial community and the metabolic activity. Four-week-old male Wistar rats (n = 27) were fed a standard chow diet with ad libitum access to water (CD) or to sucrose solution (HSD), and a third group was fed with CAFD and a sucrose solution for 14 weeks. HSD and CAFD consumption induced alterations in Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. HSD increased the abundance of Barnesiella, whereas CAFD induced a depletion of Saccharibacteria. CAFD increased total white adipose tissue (WAT) weight (p < 0.0005) compared to CD. When CAFD was compared to HSD, a significant difference was found only for retroperitoneal WAT (p < 0.0005). Unhealthy diet-fed groups presented higher glucose (p < 0.0005), total cholesterol and creatinine serum levels (p < 0.005) compared to the CD rats. Early-life consumption of HSD, and of CAFD even more so, can have long-lasting negative effects on metabolic function. The gut microbiota communities were distinctively perturbed by diet composition.
Highlights
The gut microbiota acts as a dynamic organ, a key regulator of host physiology, which can be a critical determinant in health and disease [1,2,3]
The average daily caloric intake from solid food, drink and total energy intake were significantly higher in high-sugar diet (HSD) or cafeteria diet (CAFD) rats (p < 0.0001) (Figure 1B)
Despite the higher total caloric intake of HSD rats compared with chow diet (CD) group (Figure 1B), the higher total caloric intake of HSD rats compared with CD group (Figure 1B), energy energy intake from solid chow food reduced (p < 0.0001) and sucrose solution was the intake from solid chow food reduced (p < 0.0001) and sucrose solution was the source of source of extra energy
Summary
The gut microbiota acts as a dynamic organ, a key regulator of host physiology, which can be a critical determinant in health and disease [1,2,3]. It has been shown that microbiota–host interactions are initiated at birth and, until a stable microbial community is established, dietary patterns are indicated as strong drivers of microbiota composition [9,10], and of metabolic and immune homeostasis [11]. The disruption of the gut microbiota toward a proinflammatory profile in early life emerges as a potential mechanism for the initiation and/or persistence of pathological states [2,12]. Dietary influence on the gut microbiota during early-life developmental stages deserve to be further investigated The disruption of the gut microbiota toward a proinflammatory profile in early life emerges as a potential mechanism for the initiation and/or persistence of pathological states [2,12]. 4.0/).
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