Guillian-Barré Syndrome – a case study

Abstract

‘Acute Guillian-Barré Syndrome is an acute inflammatory demyelinating disease of the peripheral nerves’ (Pfister & Bullas 1990) which affects the normal transmission of electrical impulses along these nerves and consequently the function of the organs and tissues which they innervate (Springhouse 1998, Waldock 1995). This disorder can rapidly replace an individual's busy and active lifestyle with one of total dependence, often lasting months (Waldock 1995). It is important, therefore, that nurses understand the pathophysiology of the disease and its effect on the organs and tissues within the body, to enable them to provide a high standard of care for patients suffering from this condition. This discussion of Guillian-Barré Syndrome (GBS) will be in relation to a patient (who shall be called Jane Smith for the purpose of this discussion) who was admitted to the Accident and Emergency (A&E) department and diagnosed with GBS (see Box 1 for patient history). Within this discussion GBS will be defined and its pathophysiology explained. The epidemiology and aetiology of the disease will also be highlighted. The majority of the discussion will focus on the physiological effects of GBS on the components of the peripheral nervous system and the appropriate assessment and treatment measures. Finally, the outcomes of the disease will be highlighted. The focus will be on the management of this condition within the A&E department.