Abstract
In order to select a conilon coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner) adapted to shade, four varieties (C153, JM2, LB1 and GG) were submitted to four shade levels (0, 30, 50 and 70) with evaluation of plant height, stem diameter, collar diameter, number of plagiotropic branches, number of fruits, root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and leaf anatomy. The experiment was carried out on a completely randomized design, in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme with ten replicates. We used organic compost based on cocoa shells for plant nutrition and cow urine for phytopathogenic fungi control. There was interaction between variety and shade factors for most of coffee characteristics analyzed. In general all coffee characteristics evaluated mainly fruit number and length of fruiting branches, significantly increased with increasing shade. Coffee varieties tested respond differently to the increasing of shade levels and leaf anatomy demonstrated the reduction of mesophyll thickness as the shading increased. The effect of shade levels on fruit yield fit to a positive linear regression for all four coffee varieties tested but the mycorrhizal colonization no presented differences among coffee varieties and shade levels. The varieties C153 and GG presented highlighted anatomical, growth and productive characteristics and can be indicated for shading cultivation, for example on agroforestry systems.
Highlights
Brazil is the world’s largest producer and exporter of coffee and the State of Bahia is the third largest producer of conilon coffee
Known worldwide as robusta coffee or conilon coffee, mainly due to its rusticity and resistance to diseases, it is the second most cultivated species in the world, with about 40% of coffee production (ICO, 2017). It has a wide geographical distribution, is a rustic species, resistant to pests and diseases, more tolerant to water stress and high temperatures, and because it originates in tropical forests, more adapted to hot and humid climate regions, presenting even greater productivity when compared to Arabic coffee (CONAB, 2018)
In our study Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) characterization demonstrated the highest levels of solar incidence during spring and summer (Figure 1) in accordance with were observed by Pereira et al (2017) for the Northeast Brazilian region
Summary
Brazil is the world’s largest producer and exporter of coffee and the State of Bahia is the third largest producer of conilon coffee Known worldwide as robusta coffee or conilon coffee, mainly due to its rusticity and resistance to diseases, it is the second most cultivated species in the world, with about 40% of coffee production (ICO, 2017). It has a wide geographical distribution, is a rustic species, resistant to pests and diseases, more tolerant to water stress and high temperatures, and because it originates in tropical forests, more adapted to hot and humid climate regions, presenting even greater productivity when compared to Arabic coffee (CONAB, 2018). In Bahia, the conilon coffee was introduced by the state of Espírito Santo, and nowadays the crop production is a result of the expansion of the cultivated area in the last fifteen years (CEPLAC, 2017)
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