Abstract
Cultivation of okra on ultisol soils having poor physical, chemical and biological soil properties can be improved by administering a bio-stimulant extract of golden snails and combined with NPK fertilizer. This research objective was to study a combination of bio-stimulant treatment of golden apple snail extract and NPK fertilizer dosage in increasing the growth and yield of okra on ultisol soil. This study used a factorial completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was Bio-stimulant golden apple snails extract consisting of 4 treatment, and the second factor was levels of NPK fertilizer consisting of 3 treatment. Fertilizers had a significant effect on increasing overall plant growth. The bio-stimulant extracts of golden apple snails contain organic materials that can improve physical properties (increasing aggregation, moisture retention, soil hydraulic conductivity), chemical (increasing soil organic carbon content) and biology (increasing soil microbial biomass). The nutrient content in NPK fertilizers can increase nutrients; the availability of nutrients in the soil is balanced and can be absorbed by plants so that the photosynthesis process in plants can run well and increase on growth and yield of okra. The combination of bio-stimulant extract of golden apple snails of 20 mL/L water and NPK fertilizer of 150 kg/ha (1 g/polybag) had the highest resulted in the average value of growth and yield of okra on the ultisol soils.
Highlights
South Sumatra Province, the Ogan Komering Ulu District is dominated by sub-optimal soils, namely ultisol soil types (Central Bureau of Statistics of OKU, 2014)
Microbial biomass, moisture retention, water infiltration rate, and soil hydraulic conductivity are some of the components that can be increased by the addition of organic matter in the soil, as a result the yield increases
The materials used in this study were green okra seeds, Bio-stimulant extract of golden apple snails used the method of Andriani (2018), compound NPK (15:15:15) commercially sold in the market and ultisol soil
Summary
South Sumatra Province, the Ogan Komering Ulu District is dominated by sub-optimal soils, namely ultisol soil types (podzolic red yellow) (Central Bureau of Statistics of OKU, 2014). Ultisol soils have very acidic soil chemical properties (pH < 4.5). The acidic soils can reduce plant growth due to the increased soil concentrations of Al, Fe and Mn to toxic levels that reduce the availability of nutrients Ca, Mg and P, capacity cation exchange (CEC) and soil physical properties with low structural stability with high nutrient leaching (Lin et al, 2018). Organic fertilization is the most efficient approach to increase soil organic matter content and soil fertility (Liang et al, 2014; Maillard & Angers, 2014; Wang et al, 2017; Lin et al, 2019). Microbial biomass, moisture retention, water infiltration rate, and soil hydraulic conductivity are some of the components that can be increased by the addition of organic matter in the soil, as a result the yield increases
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