Growth and Body Composition at Discharge in Full-Term Neonates With Congenital Anomalies.

Congenital anomalies account for 17–43% of infant mortality worldwide1. Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common types of birth defect and is the leading cause of perinatal and infant mortality as a result of congenital anomalies2. However, CHD may complicate pregnancies affected by other non-cardiac congenital anomalies, and morbidity and mortality may be higher than would be expected in cases with non-cardiac anomaly alone. In this report, we aimed to assess the risk of CHD among children with non-cardiac congenital anomalies using a recently published USA hospital survey database with more than 6 million admissions. We analyzed data of hospital discharge records of pediatric patients using the nationally representative Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) for the year 2016. The KID is a stratified, cross-sectional database that includes discharge data for approximately 10% of newborn discharges and 80% of other discharges in the USA. The KID does not include data records related to stillbirth or fetal demise. All newborn records were live births. International Classification of Disease, 10th revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) diagnosis codes were used to identify non-cardiac congenital anomalies (Q00.xx to Q99.xx) and CHD (Q20.xx to Q28.xx). CHD was further grouped into two categories: severe (including truncus arteriosus, d-transposition of great arteries, double outlet right ventricle, l-transposition of great arteries, tetralogy of Fallot, hypoplastic left-heart syndrome, other single-ventricle anomalies, atrioventricular septal defect, pulmonary atresia, tricuspid atresia, interrupted aortic arch, total anomalous pulmonary venous return) and non-severe (all others). The primary outcome was the total number of newborns with non-cardiac congenital anomalies with and without CHD. In-hospital neonatal deaths were included in the dataset. We performed descriptive and inferential statistics by using the KID complex survey design, taking into account clusters, strata and weight. We also performed logistic regression analysis to calculate odds ratios (OR) with 95% CIs to quantify the risk of CHD among non-cardiac anomalies. Our query identified 514 349 unique individuals with non-cardiac anomalies and 163 894 with CHD; 5 751 936 had no anomalies. Overall, the risks of CHD, severe CHD and non-severe CHD increased in the presence of non-cardiac anomalies regardless of organ systems involved (Table 1). The prevalence of CHD among newborns with non-cardiac anomalies ranged from 8.4% (digestive tract anomalies, n = 9222) to 35.0% (chromosomal anomalies, n = 17 446). In a logistic regression analysis, children with chromosomal anomalies had the highest odds of having CHD, with an OR of 22.4 (95% CI, 21.1–23.7, P < 0.001), followed by respiratory tract anomalies, with an OR of 13.4 (95% CI, 12.6–14.2, P < 0.001) (Table 1). Our analysis, which was based on a large number of children across USA hospitals, demonstrated that the risk of CHD is increased among newborns with non-cardiac congenital anomalies. The rationale behind the use of a national database was to eliminate the potential biases from the previous reports as a result of single-center, small-scale studies3-5. However, misclassification and underclassification of diagnoses could have occurred while using ICD-10 codes. Some children had anomalies in more than one organ system, so a small number of children might have been double counted. We were limited to live births using this database, and therefore cannot comment on the precise prenatal risk of CHD, though it is likely to be even higher compared to the postnatal risk presented here. Nevertheless, our data provide updated quantifications of CHD risk among those with non-cardiac anomalies to better serve the perinatal community during antenatal counseling and assist in the development of pregnancy and perinatal management strategies. Based on the findings in this report, detailed assessment for both severe and non-severe cardiac anomalies is recommended when a diagnosis of a non-cardiac congenital anomaly is established.

We determined the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation during resistance training. Seventy-six subjects were randomized to receive CLA (5 g.d(-1)) or placebo (PLA) for 7 wk while resistance training 3 d.wk(-1). Seventeen subjects crossed over to the opposite group for an additional 7 wk. Measurements at baseline, 7 wk, and 14 wk (for subjects in the crossover study) included body composition, muscle thickness of the elbow flexors and knee extensors, resting metabolic rate (RMR), bench and leg press strength, knee extension torque, and urinary markers of myofibrillar degradation (3-methylhistidine (3MH) and bone resorption (cross-linked N-telopeptides (Ntx)). After 7 wk the CLA group had greater increases in lean tissue mass (LTM) (+1.4 vs +0.2 kg; P < 0.05), greater losses of fat mass (-0.8 vs +0.4 kg; P < 0.05), and a smaller increase in 3MH (-0.1 vs + 1.3 micromol.kg LTM.d(-1); P < 0.05) compared with PLA. Changes between groups were similar for all other measurements, except for a greater increase in bench press strength for males on CLA (P < 0.05). In the crossover study subjects had minimal changes in body composition, but smaller increases in 3MH (-1.2 vs +2.2 micromol.kg LTM.d(-1); P < 0.01) and NTx (-4.8 vs +7.3 nmol.kg(-1) LTM.d(-1); P < 0.01) while on CLA versus PLA. Supplementation with CLA during resistance training results in relatively small changes in body composition accompanied by a lessening of the catabolic effect of training on muscle protein.

Previous studies have shown that over 40% of babies with Down syndrome have a major cardiac anomaly and are more likely to have other major congenital anomalies. Since 2000, many countries in Europe have introduced national antenatal screening programs for Down syndrome. This study aimed to determine if the introduction of these screening programs and the subsequent termination of prenatally detected pregnancies were associated with any decline in the prevalence of additional anomalies in babies born with Down syndrome. The study sample consisted of 7,044 live births and fetal deaths with Down syndrome registered in 28 European population-based congenital anomaly registries covering seven million births during 2000-2010. Overall, 43.6% (95% CI: 42.4-44.7%) of births with Down syndrome had a cardiac anomaly and 15.0% (14.2-15.8%) had a non-cardiac anomaly. Female babies with Down syndrome were significantly more likely to have a cardiac anomaly compared to male babies (47.6% compared with 40.4%, P < 0.001) and significantly less likely to have a non-cardiac anomaly (12.9% compared with 16.7%, P < 0.001). The prevalence of cardiac and non-cardiac congenital anomalies in babies with Down syndrome has remained constant, suggesting that population screening for Down syndrome and subsequent terminations has not influenced the prevalence of specific congenital anomalies in these babies.

When attempts to lose body fat mass frequently fail, breath acetone (BA) monitoring may assist fat mass loss during a low-carbohydrate diet as it can provide real-time body fat oxidation levels. This randomized controlled study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of monitoring BA levels and providing feedback on fat oxidation during a three-week low-carbohydrate diet intervention. Forty-seven participants (mean age = 27.8 ± 4.4 years, 53.3% females, body mass index = 24.1 ± 3.4 kg m−2) were randomly assigned to three groups (1:1:1 ratio): daily BA assessment with a low-carbohydrate diet, body weight assessment (body scale (BS)) with a low-carbohydrate diet, and low-carbohydrate diet only. Primary outcome was the change in fat mass and secondary outcomes were the changes in body weight and body composition. Forty-five participants completed the study (compliance rate: 95.7%). Fat mass was significantly reduced in all three groups (all P < 0.05); however, the greatest reduction in fat mass was observed in the BA group compared to the BS (differences in changes in fat mass, −1.1 kg; 95% confidence interval: −2.3, −0.2; P = 0.040) and control (differences in changes in fat mass, −1.3 kg; 95% confidence interval: −2.1, −0.4; P = 0.013) groups. The BA group showed significantly greater reductions in body weight and visceral fat mass than the BS and control groups (all P < 0.05). In addition, the percent body fat and skeletal muscle mass were significantly reduced in both BA and BS groups (all P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found in changes in body fat percentage and skeletal muscle mass between the study groups. Monitoring BA levels, which could have motivated participants to adhere more closely to the low-carbohydrate diet, to assess body fat oxidation rates may be an effective intervention for reducing body fat mass (compared to body weight assessment or control conditions). This approach could be beneficial for individuals seeking to manage body fat and prevent obesity.

This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) compared body compositional changes, including fat mass (FM), body fat percentage (BF%), and fat-free mass (FFM), between different types of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (cycling vs. overground running vs. treadmill running) as well as to a control (i.e., no exercise) condition. Meta-analyses were carried out using a random-effects model. The I2 index was used to assess the heterogeneity of RCTs. Thirty-six RCTs lasting between 3 to 15 weeks were included in the current systematic review and meta-analysis. RCTs that examined the effect of HIIT type on FM, BF%, and FFM were sourced from online databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar up to 21 June 2022. HIIT (all modalities combined) induced a significant reduction in FM (weighted mean difference [WMD]: −1.86 kg, 95% CI: −2.55 to −1.18, p = 0.001) despite a medium between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 63.3, p = 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed cycling and overground running reduced FM (WMD: −1.72 kg, 95% CI: −2.41 to −1.30, p = 0.001 and WMD: −4.25 kg, 95% CI: −5.90 to −2.61, p = 0.001, respectively); however, there was no change with treadmill running (WMD: −1.10 kg, 95% CI: −2.82 to 0.62, p = 0.210). There was a significant reduction in BF% with HIIT (all modalities combined) compared to control (WMD: −1.53%, 95% CI: −2.13, −0.92, p = 0.001). All forms of HIIT also decreased BF%; however, overground running induced the largest overall effect (WMD: −2.80%, 95% CI: −3.89 to −1.71, p = 0.001). All types of HIIT combined also induced an overall significant improvement in FFM (WMD: 0.51 kg, 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.95, p = 0.025); however, only cycling interventions resulted in a significant increase in FFM compared to other exercise modalities (WMD: 0.63 kg, 95% CI: 0.17 to 1.09, p = 0.007). Additional subgroup analyses suggest that training for more than 8 weeks, at least 3 sessions per week, with work intervals less than 60 s duration and separated by ≤90 s active recovery are more effective for eliciting favorable body composition changes. Results from this meta-analysis demonstrate favorable body composition outcomes following HIIT (all modalities combined) with overall reductions in BF% and FM and improved FFM observed. Overall, cycling-based HIIT may confer the greatest effects on body composition due to its ability to reduce BF% and FM while increasing FFM.

Both baseline cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity predict the risk of cancer mortality. However, the effects of changes in these two factors over time have not been evaluated thoroughly. The aim of this study was to examine the independent and joint associations of changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition on cancer mortality. The cohort consisted of 13,930 men (initially cancer-free) with two or more medical examinations from 1974 to 2002. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by a maximal treadmill exercise test, and body composition was expressed by body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat. Changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition between the baseline and the last examination were classified into loss, stable, and gain groups. There were 386 deaths from cancer during an average of 12.5 yr of follow-up. After adjusting for possible confounders and BMI, change hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of cancer mortality were 0.74 (0.57-0.96) for stable fitness and 0.74 (0.56-0.98) for fitness gain. Inverse dose-response relationships were observed between changes in maximal METs and cancer mortality (P for linear trend = 0.05). Neither BMI change nor percent body fat change was associated with cancer mortality after adjusting for possible confounders and maximal METs change. In the joint analyses, men who became less fit had a higher risk of cancer mortality (P for linear trend = 0.03) compared with those who became more fit, regardless of BMI change levels. Being unfit or losing cardiorespiratory fitness over time was found to predict cancer mortality in men. Improving or maintaining adequate levels of cardiorespiratory fitness appears to be important for decreasing cancer mortality in men.

To examine the relationship between self-estimated whole body size and fatness and whole body and regional composition, and the relationship between self-estimated whole body fatness and self-estimated regional fatness in Japanese university students. This was a cross-sectional study using Japanese university students (110 men and 79 women). The percentage of body fat, fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM) were measured by underwater weighing and used as body composition variables. Subcutaneous fat thicknesses were determined at seven sites by ultrasonography to estimate regional body composition, and six circumferences and four breadths to estimate regional size. Relative body size and fatness were self-estimated using a questionnaire. Only women tended to estimate themselves as being fatter than they actually were. Self-estimated body fatness moderately correlated with the percentage of body fat (men, r = 0.41; women, r = 0.40) FM (men, r = 0.50; women, r = 0.51), and body mass index (r = 0.56 for men and 0.56 for women). After adjusting for the percentages of body fat and FM, self-estimated fatness correlated with body mass index (r = 0.31 for men and r = 0.37 for women). Among self-estimated regional fatness, self-estimated abdominal fatness had the strongest correlation with self-estimated whole body fatness in both genders. The low correlation between estimated and actual body fatness in both genders indicates that Japanese university students, especially women, inaccurately estimate their percentage of body fat. In fact, both men and women primarily estimate their whole body fatness by body weight relative to height.

Objective: Comparison of the impact of intensified lifestyle and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) combined with lifestyle intervention on body composition in adult patients with overweight or obesity. Methods: The clinical data of 197 overweight or obese patients who were treated at the Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from February 2022 to June 2024 were retrospectively analyzed, including 75 males and 122 females, aged (36.7±10.9) years. Patients were divided into an intensified lifestyle intervention group (n=84) and a GLP-1RA combined with lifestyle therapy group (n=113) based on the intervention approach. Collected clinical data of patients. After adjusting for gender, age, and baseline BMI using generalized linear models, analyze the association between the changes in various indicators [including body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, fat mass (FM), fat mass index (FMI), fat-free mass (FFM), and fat-free mass index (FFMI)] and the intervention methods. Results: Body weight, BMI, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, FM, FFM, FMI, FFMI, fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance index, alanine aminotransferase, and controlled attenuation parameter were lower in the intensive lifestyle intervention group compared to the GLP-1RA combined with lifestyle intervention group (all P0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, gender, systolic blood pressure, body fat percentage, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, and elasticity values (all P0.05). After 12 weeks of intervention, the results of the generalized linear model showed that the reduction magnitudes of body weight, FFM, and FFMI were associated with the intervention methods (all P0.05). The GLP-1RA combined with lifestyle intervention group showed greater reductions in body weight [(7.8±4.3) vs (5.1±4.5) kg], FFM [(2.2±2.1) vs (1.0±1.9) kg], and FFMI [(0.7±0.5) vs (0.3±0.5) kg/m2] compared to the intensive lifestyle intervention group (all P0.05). After 24 weeks of intervention, both groups exhibited decreases in post-weight-loss body weight, BMI, body fat percentage, FM, FFM, FMI, and FFMI compared to pre-weight-loss values (all P0.001). The results of the generalized linear model indicated that the reduction magnitudes of body fat percentage, FM, FFM, FMI, and FFMI were associated with the intervention methods (all P0.05). The intensive lifestyle intervention group showed greater reductions in body fat percentage (5.8%±3.0% vs 3.9%±4.2%), FM[(8.9±4.1) vs (7.0±5.7) kg], and FMI [(3.1±1.4) vs (2.4±1.9) kg/m2] compared to the GLP-1RA combined with lifestyle intervention group, while the reductions in FFM [(1.5±2.5) vs (2.8±3.4) kg] and FFMI [(0.5±0.9) vs (0.9±1.2) kg/m2] were smaller (all P0.05). Conclusion: In weight loss treatment, the intensive lifestyle retains more lean body mass than the GLP-1RA combined lifestyle.

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have significant shifts in fluid homeostasis that may impair measurements of body composition using methods based upon determinations of body water. Estimates of body water are fundamental for bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), which measures electrical resistance to estimate total body water and body composition. BIA was compared with 2 other techniques: (1) air displacement plethysmography (ADP), which relies on measurements of body density to estimate body fat and fat-free masses; and (2) dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), which depends on the relative attenuation of an x-ray beam to produce images of body fat and bone mineral. In study 1, BIA and ADP were performed on 38 ESRD patients (21 men and 17 women; age 51.3 +/- 2.2 years; weight 79.8 +/- 2.9 kg; body mass index [BMI] 27.4 +/- 0.9 kg/m2). In study 2, BIA and DXA were performed on 47 patients (22 men and 25 women; age 52.7 +/- 2.3 years; weight 73.6 +/- 2.9 kg; BMI 25.9 +/- 1.0 kg/m2). The ranges of percent body fat using BIA in studies 1 and 2 were from 7% to 57% and from 6% to 52%, respectively. Percent body fat measurements were significantly (p < .0001) correlated for BIA vs ADP (r = .74) and for BIA vs DXA (r = .84). Mean body fat as determined by BIA and ADP in study 1 was 31.8 +/- 2.0% and 36.3 +/- 1.8%* and by BIA and DXA in study 2 was 29.6 +/- 1.5% and 31.8 +/- 1.8%*, respectively (*p < .05 vs BIA). All 3 methods had similar variability associated with their measurements (coefficients of variation approximately 5%). The average body fat measured by BIA was less than ADP or DXA, regardless of gender or race. Furthermore, the variation was not greater at lower or higher body fat values. Body fat measurements using ADP and DXA were correlated with those using BIA across a relatively wide range of body fat levels in adults with ESRD. However, BIA appeared to underestimate body fat and overestimate fat-free mass, possibly because of increased measurements of body water. Because ADP is convenient and does not use body water content in determination of body density and body composition, it has very good potential as a relatively new technique to estimate percent body fat in adults with ESRD.

This study compared air displacement plethysmography (ADP), which relies on measurements of body density to estimate body fat, with three other techniques that measure body composition: (1) hydrostatic weighing (HW), which also measures body density; (2) bioelectrical impedance (BIA), which determines electrical resistance and total body water to estimate fat-free mass; and (3) dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), which measures bone, fat, and fat-free soft tissue masses. ADP, HW, BIA, and DXA were performed on 20 healthy volunteers (10 males and 10 females). The subjects were within 20% of ideal body weight, 31.1 +/- 1.8 years of age, and 75.4 +/- 2.7 kg with body mass index values of 25.2 +/- 0.9 (kg/m2) and percent body fat by ADP ranging from 6.0% to 41.0%. Percent body fat measurements by the four methods were highly correlated (r > .90, p < .0001). Mean body fat as determined by ADP, HW, BIA, and DXA were 23.4% +/- 2.3%, 23.9% +/-1.8%, 23.1% +/- 1.9%, and 26.4% +/- 2.4%, respectively (* p < .05 vs ADP). There was a significantly positive slope (+0.23) for the individual differences vs the average of ADP and HW percent body fat, demonstrating a slightly negative difference at lower body fat levels and a slightly positive difference at greater body fat levels. Although the average percent body fat determined by ADP was similar to that by HW for the entire population, there was a significant gender difference with the average body fat measured by ADP being 16% less in males and 7% greater in females than that determined by HW. Body fat measurements using ADP were highly correlated with those using HW, BIA, and DXA across a relatively wide range of body fat levels in healthy adults. These results support the utility of ADP as a relatively new technique in the estimation of percent body fat in healthy adults. However, the error associated with gender and the level of body fat is not negligible and requires further investigation.

A high carbohydrate-to-fiber ratio is associated with a low diet quality and high fat mass in young women

Physical activity in the prevention and treatment of obesity and its comorbidities: evidence report of independent panel to assess the role of physical activity in the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities.

Aims/IntroductionTo compare the effects of gliclazide, liraglutide and metformin on body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease.Materials and MethodsA total of 85 patients were randomly allocated to receive gliclazide (n = 27), liraglutide (n = 29) or metformin (n = 29) monotherapy for 24 weeks. Body composition was measured using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry.ResultsLiraglutide and metformin reduced total, trunk, limb, android and gynoid fat mass; this also led to weight reduction. However, gliclazide treatment produced no significant changes in weight or fat mass, likely because reductions in fat mass were concomitant with increases in lean tissue mass. Blood glucose concentrations and glycated hemoglobin levels improved in all treatment arms; levels of the latter were lower in patients treated with liraglutide and metformin. Serum alanine aminotransferase concentrations decreased in all treatment arms, whereas serum aspartate aminotransferase concentrations were reduced only by liraglutide and metformin. In all patients, weight loss and total, trunk, limb, and android fat mass reductions were positively correlated with decreases in serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, whereas reductions in waist circumference were positively correlated with lower serum alanine aminotransferase levels.ConclusionsCompared with gliclazide, liraglutide and metformin monotherapies result in greater weight loss, reductions in body fat mass, and better blood glucose control among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. Reductions in weight, fat mass and waist circumference favorably affect hepatic function.

We aimed to quantify global and regional body composition changes in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients, compare them to healthy controls and identify possible association between body composition changes and CHC. To our knowledge, this study is the first one comparing CHC patients to controls with regard to soft tissue body composition changes. We assessed 60 CHC patients and 60 healthy controls by Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry. Soft tissue and bone body composition parameters were compared between the groups (using the Mann-Whitney test). These parameters were correlated (using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient - rho) with independent variables (age, gender, body mass index - BMI, cigarette smoking, time since CHC diagnosis, viral load, fibrosis grade, type of treatment, time of treatment) for the entire CHC group and also for subgroups according to gender. Total fat mass, trunk fat mass and percent body fat were lower in CHC patients as compared to controls. Several risk factors were associated with the reduced fat mass: low BMI, cigarette smoking and peginterferon alpha 2a plus ribavirin treatment. Peginterferon alpha 2a and ribavirin treatment negatively correlated with lean body parameters, especially in CHC males group. Bone mineral density (BMD) was lower as compared to controls and was correlated with low BMI, cigarette smoking and peginterferon alpha 2a and ribavirin treatment. Patients with CHC have an acquired type of lipodystrophy (particularly in the trunk region), and also a reduced BMD as compared with controls. A low BMI, cigarette smoking and peginterferon alpha 2a and ribavirin therapy were associated with a low fat mass and low BMD.

Objective The present study examined the effects of a 12-week whole-body vibration training (WBVT) regimen on heart rate variability (HRV) and body composition in the obese female college students. Methods Participants were assigned to either the WBVT (n = 17) or obese control group (n = 19). The students in the WBVT group conducted a 12-week (5 times per week and 30 min per time) exercise protocols (30 to 40 Hz of frequency and 4 mm of amplitude), and the obese control group did not perform regular physical training during 12 weeks of study. Then, body composition (body weight, BMI, body fat, body fat percentage; trunk fat mass, muscle mass, MM) and HRV (time domain and frequency domain index) were measured in all subjects before and after WBVT intervention. Results (1) After 12-week WBVT intervention, body fat mass, trunk fat mass, and body fat percentage significantly decreased and muscle mass increased in the WBVT group (P < 0.01, respectively); there was no significant change in body weight and BMI (P > 0.05, respectively). (2) After 12-week WBVT intervention, LFn, LF/HF, and HR significantly decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), R-R interval and RMSSD significantly increased (P < 0.01, respectively), and there was no significant difference in HFn (P > 0.05). Nevertheless, there was no significant change before and after the test in body composition and HRV in the obese control group (P > 0.05, respectively). (3) After 12-week WBVT intervention, compared with the obese control group, body fat mass, body fat percentage, trunk fat mass, and LF/HF significantly decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), muscle mass, and RMSSD increased (P < 0.05) in the WBVT group; but there were no significant difference in other indicators (P > 0.05) between the obese control group and WBVT group. (4) The reduction of body fat percentage before and after the WBVT intervention are positively correlated with the reduction in the LFn and LF/HF (r = 0.542, r = 0.504; P < 0.05, respectively) and negatively correlated with the increase in the RMSSD (r = −0.514, P < 0.05), and the reduction of trunk fat mass are positively correlated with the reduction in the LF/HF (r = 0.540, P < 0.05). Conclusion The results indicate that WBVT improves HRV and body composition in obese female college students, and the reduction in body fat percentage and trunk fat mass are associated with a shift in cardiac autonomic regulation towards vagal dominance and improve sympathetic-vagus balance after WBVT intervention. In conclusion, WBVT may be a feasible treatment to improve cardiac autonomic function and body composition.