Groundwater Arsenic Contamination in Nepal

Abstract

Listen

Translate article

ABSTRACTArsenic contamination in the drinking water of Nepal, particularly in the Terai region, poses a serious public health challenge, as groundwater serves as the primary water source for millions of peoples. This study investigates the prevalence, sources, and consequences of arsenic contamination, employing recent data and scientific analyses. Chronic exposure to arsenic is associated with severe health complications, including skin lesions, various forms of cancer, and cardiovascular diseases, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations. Despite ongoing efforts to mitigate arsenic exposure, challenges remain in the effective identification and management of contaminated sources. Beyond water contamination, arsenic accumulates in soil and crops, jeopardizing food safety. While traditional mapping methods are expensive, machine learning offers cost‐effective, high‐resolution solutions. Portable field kits enable rapid arsenic detection in drinking water, but proper disposal of filtration waste remains a challenge. Iron‐based biosand filters present a viable interim solution to comply with the arsenic standards set by the Government of Nepal, while also effectively eliminating bacteria and viruses. Nevertheless, the establishment of sustainable groundwater treatment systems for clustered communities in the Terai region is imperative. This paper shows the necessity for comprehensive testing, enhanced public awareness, and sustainable water management practices to safeguard public health in Nepal.