Abstract
The article demonstrates the research results on climate conditions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and grounds of application of precision technologies for breeding Kalmyk beef cattle on the basis of specific natural and climate conditions of Yakutia. The history of animal breeding says that enhancement of local livestock’s producing qualities in different years contributed to the fact that the stud breeds of cattle, generally dairy and beef-dairy types, were imported. Animals of the beef productivity type, known as Kazakh Whitehead cattle, the Hereford, the Kalmyk, and the Calloway breeds, were imported in order to receive crossbred youngsters with improved feeding and beef parameters. In all the time of the development, the cattle breeding in the region had beef-dairy types. The beef breeds were imported in the last decade for targeted purebred breeding and development of the beef industry for production of the beef. Therefore, in 2012, there were imported 200 animals of the Hereford cattle; the Kalmyk breed has been imported since 2013. The experience has shown that naturalizing of purebred animals to the breeding conditions of Yakutia was extremely stressful, and was followed by the diseases, falls, and decreasing of seed stock’s reproductive indicators. Particularly negative impact was observed on the animals of the highly productive Hereford breed, and this caused gradual degeneration of the breed under conditions of Yakutia. Although, specific natural and climate conditions of Yakutia significantly differ from that in other regions with developed beef cattle breeding, the animals of the Kalmyk breed, which was bred on the basis of the native steppe cattle, were relatively well adapted to the harsh conditions of the region. The authors argue the necessity and urgency of adaptive technologies development on specialized beef cattle breeding with respect to the harsh local conditions.
Highlights
Технология специализированного мясного скотоводства имеет существенные отличия от технологии скотоводства молочного и молочно-мясного направления по содержанию и кормлению скота
The history of animal breeding says that enhancement of local livestock's producing qualities
in different years contributed to the fact that the stud breeds
Summary
Ключевые слова: скотоводство, калмыцкая порода, аборигенный скот, климат, температура, технология. Приведено обоснование разработки и внедрения адаптивной технологии содержания мясного скота калмыцкой породы с учетом специфичных природно-климатических условий Якутии. Из истории животноводства Якутии известно, что с целью улучшения продуктивных качеств местного поголовья в разные годы завозили культурные породы скота, в основном молочного и мясо-молочного направления. Таких как казахская белоголовая, герефордская, калмыцкая и галловейская, в ХХ в. Хотя специфические природно-климатические условия Якутии значительно отличаются от условий других традиционных регионов с развитым мясным скотоводством, в том числе от условий Республики Калмыкия, животные калмыцкой породы, выведенной на основе аборигенного степного скота, сравнительно хорошо адаптировались к суровым условиям данного региона. В связи с данным фактом и перспективами развития мясного скотоводства в Якутии назрела необходимость разработки адаптивной технологии мясного специализированного скотоводства с учетом сложных местных условий
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