Abstract
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is one of the most effective and rapid types of geophysical survey methods. The present study was carried out in the Botanical Garden in Kielce, which is currently undergoing a second stage of infrastructure development. This object is located in the Świetokrzyskie (Holy Cross) Region, characterized by large scale deformations in the development of karst origins. Those structures threaten existing buildings and can be obstacles to newly constructed ones. Radargrams presented in this paper show significant potential of the GPR method in mapping of karst phenomena. Proper acquisition parameters and optimal processing of raw data resulted in a clear image of the structure of rock mass under the Botanical Garden, along acquired profile lines. Additionally, precise GPS coordinate links and established researchers’ experience of conducting this type of surveys helped in the process of mapping the anomalies in the limestone. Under these conditions, the survey minimized the need for a second method and resulted in high quality data acquisition. The study provided information about underlying rock mass structure development and registered anomalies whose origins include voids or caves of karst genesis. The area studied covers a large part of the Botanical Garden. Described anomalies can be dynamic in origin.
Highlights
With the development of geophysical measuring techniques, the possibility of their implementation is increasing
The results presented in this paper were obtained using a ProEx Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) unit (MalaGeoscience Sweden), with a 100 MHz unshielded antenna
With use of the low frequency antenna, it is necessary to analyse if the lower resolution would be enough to map rock structures and deformations in it. In this case for the almost ideal bedrock for the GPR measurements, the 100 MHz antenna gave good quality and high resolution data proving that this frequency is the optimal choice
Summary
With the development of geophysical measuring techniques, the possibility of their implementation is increasing. This is often observed in the case of the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) applications. Many communities such as archaeologists, geologists, architects and building investors recognise this method as a precise and fast survey type. The presented study was proposed by the director of the modernized Botanical Garden in Kielce, with the purpose of mapping structural changes in the limestone rock mass under the facility area. Similar studies describing karst structures are presented by Beres et al (2001). Very well documented results indicate that both methods complement each other when studying formations of karst origin.
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