Abstract
Context: Griflola frondosa (Fr) S.F. Gray (Meripilaceae) (GF) is a medical mushroom, and its regulation of the immune system is of interest for the treatment of mood disorders. α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors are the central mediator for the treatment of depression. Objective: This study examines the antidepressant effects of GF and the role of AMPA in these antidepressant effects. Materials and methods: The CD-1 mice were fed with GF- or Pleurotus ostreatus [(Jacq.: Fr) Kumm (Pleurotaceae)] (PO)-containing food for 1 day or 5 days. The antidepressant effects was determined in the tail suspension test (TST), forced swim test (FST), and open field test (OFT). The involvement of AMPA receptors was determined by the application of the AMPA-specific blocker GYKI 52466. Results: Treatments with 20%, 33% or 50% of GF-containing food significantly decreased the immobility time (63.6, 56.9, and 52.0% in TST; and 50.8, 43.2, and 38.2% in FST) after 1 day and (62.3, 51.8, and 52.8% in TST; and 49.5, 45.1, and 40.3% in FST) after 5 days. GF-containing food did not cause hyperactive effects in the OFT. The antidepressant effects of the 33% of GF-containing food (down-to 51.3% in 1-day TST and 46.8% in 5-day FST) were significantly stronger than that of the 33% of PO-containing food (down-to 85.5% in 1-day TST and 82.0% in 5-day FST). AMPA-specific blocker GYKI 52466 was able to block the antidepressant effects of the GF-containing food. Conclusion: GF demonstrated the potential as a safe medical food supplement for the patient with depression.
Highlights
Major depressive disorder (MDD), a common mental disorder, is the leading cause of disability and a major contributor to disease burden in the global population (Ghasemi et al 2014)
We studied the effects of various GF supplementations in various ratios in animal models using the tail suspension test (TST), forced swim test (FST) and open field test (OFT)
The data showed that the immobility time in the GF-treated groups were significantly lower than the negative controls (103.0 ± 9.1 s) in a dose-dependent manner, being 65.2 ± 9.5 s, 58.7 ± 8.3 s, and 53.6 ± 11.5 s in the TST (ANOVA, F(4,65) 1⁄4 5.418, p < 0.01) (Figure 3(A))
Summary
Major depressive disorder (MDD), a common mental disorder, is the leading cause of disability and a major contributor to disease burden in the global population (Ghasemi et al 2014). Medicinal mushrooms have an established history of use in traditional oriental therapies for the prevention and treatment of diseases (Cui & Chisti 2003). Griflola frondosa (Fr) S.F. Gray (GF) (Meripilaceae) is a medical fungus, commonly known as Maitake or Hui-shu-hua. The properties of GF medicinal potentials include various physiological benefits, ranging from enhanced immune systems and decreased blood glucose to improved spleen, stomach and nerve functioning (Shen et al 2015). Recent evidence has shown that depression is related to immune regulation (Kong et al 2015; Liu et al 2015).
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