Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Energy Use in Economic Activities Indonesia

Abstract

Economic activity led to an increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) which raised global temperatures. Indonesia's emission from burning fossil fuels is growing faster than gross domestic product during 1970–2010, 2% per year. Changes in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (190.2%) distributed 0.8 tons per capita in 1990 to 1.8 t in 2010, whereas carbon intensity increased 1.5 kg to 2.1 kg, respectively. Energy system trend in Indonesia showed a decreases in share of oil as major CO2 emissions contributor. Share of coal increased and replace oil, while share of gas remains constant because of significant exports. Aims of this study were to determine the economic sectors as emission's sources and contribution to the changes due to economic activities 1990–2010. We used geographical data and economic green house-emitted activity of Indonesia from related institutions. Data were analysed using baseline scenario and Kaya identity. Results showed that industrial activity is the major source of decreasing number of plants. CO2 from transportation sector grew steadily but lower than industry. Emissions from electricity grew most rapidly since the mid-1990s. CO2 emissions from residential grew the slowest. Total emissions grew 7.5% per year; electricity grew ±11% per year in the last two decades. 90% of the emission in Indonesia is by CO2, the rest by other GHGs.