Abstract

The presence of inorganic pollutants such as metal ions (Ni2+, Pb2+, Cr6+) in water, probably by long-term geochemical changes and from the effluents of various industries, causes diseases and disorders (e.g., cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, muscular dystrophy, hepatitis, and multiple sclerosis). Conventional methods for their removal are limited by technical and economic barriers. In biosorption, low-cost and efficient biomaterials are used for this purpose. In this study, Brassica Campestris stems from the agriculture waste and has been used for the removal of Ni2+, Cr6+ and Pb2+ ions from an aqueous solution containing all the ions. Effect of different parameters, e.g., pH, contact time, metal ion initial concentration, adsorbent dose, agitation rate and temperature were analyzed and optimized. The adsorbent worked well for removal of the Pb2+ and Cr6+ as compared to Ni2+. The atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) and FTIR investigation of adsorbent before and after shows a clear difference in the adsorbent capability. The highest adsorption percentage was found at 98%, 91%, and 49% respectively, under the optimized parameters. Furthermore, the Langmuir isotherm was found better in fitting to the experimental data than that of the Freundlich isotherm.

Highlights

  • The situation of water pollution is getting worse and worse worldwide with industrialization and urbanization [1,2,3,4,5]

  • Different Batches were kept at different values of parameters for the studies of adsorption of Brassica Campestris

  • Further increment does not bring about a significant change, suggesting that the presence of the of the linkages saturated with ions equilibrium been established between the biomass and ions

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Summary

Introduction

The situation of water pollution is getting worse and worse worldwide with industrialization and urbanization [1,2,3,4,5]. The inorganic pollutants such as metal ions (Ni2+ , Pb2+ , Cr6+ ) are mixed in drinking water through rivers as industrial waste water [6]. The main sources of heavy metals into water are industrial waste, likewise from electroplating, the mining process of metals, metallurgical engineering, primary and secondary battery productions, the manufacturing of paints and pigments, nuclear power stations, and ceramic and glass factories. Pewter, enamels, film and photography, galvanometric, mining, alloys (especially magnetic steels and stainless steels), electronics, porcelain and radioisotope therapy, fertilizer, petrochemicals, tanneries, paper and pulp, oil refinery, fossil fuel burning, pharmaceutical and gasoline additives, stainless steel, aircraft industries, nickel electroplating, stabilizers and thermoplastics contribute to heavy metal pollution [1,8,9]. Different conventional techniques are widely utilized for the removal of toxic metal ions from aqueous solutions namely reverse osmosis, precipitation, evaporation, colorimetric and radiometric fluorescent, fungi biosorption, Water 2018, 10, 1316; doi:10.3390/w10101316 www.mdpi.com/journal/water

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