Abstract
With a continuous increase in vehicle ownership, vehicle emissions have become one of the main sources of air pollution in China. Serious air pollution is a great threat to human health and life. The China VI regulations, which adopt strict particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxide ( ${\mathrm {NO}}_{x}$ ) limitations, have been implemented. As one of the best technologies for measuring vehicle emissions, portable emission measurement systems (PEMSs) have gained attention. In this work, the characteristics of China VI heavy-duty vehicle emissions were investigated with a PEMS. The effects of road conditions on NO x , hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), PM and particle number (PN) pollutants were analyzed based on distance-based emission factors. The results show that the gaseous pollutant levels of NO x , HC and CO for China VI vehicles are much lower than those for China V vehicles. The average distance-based emission factors of NO x CO and HC decreased by 88%, 98%, and 62.7%, respectively. Based on the power-based window method, the PEMS test results for NO x , HC and CO are 460 mg $\cdot $ (kWh)−1, 192 mg $\cdot $ (kWh)−1 and 37.5 mg $\cdot $ (kWh)−1, respectively. According to the PEMS tests, approximately 88%–95% of the particles are in the 10–100 nm class based on three typical operational modes, which represent approximately 0.08%–0.13% of the total particle mass. These heavy-duty vehicles can satisfy the requirements of the PEMS China VI standards. This study emphasizes the importance of obtaining real-world measurements of heavy-duty vehicles to improve the accuracy of emission factors in the development of emission inventories in China.
Highlights
China will nationally implement the China VI emission standards in July 2021; the standards in the Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei area, Pearl River Delta region, and Chengdu-Chongqing region will be implemented in July 2019 [1]–[3]
This paper emphasizes investigating the portable emission measurement systems (PEMSs) emission characteristics of the China VI emission standards; develop a test scheme that is consistent with the China VI standards; analyzing the emission factors based on the unit mass of fuel, unit road haul and unit time; and monitoring the operation of disposal systems and control strategies for practical roads
The nitrogen oxide (NOx) gaseous pollutant emission factor based on fuel consumption initially decreased and increased as the driving road conditions changed; the major reason for this trend was the low vehicle exhaust temperature for urban roads
Summary
China will nationally implement the China VI emission standards in July 2021; the standards in the Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei area, Pearl River Delta region, and Chengdu-Chongqing region will be implemented in July 2019 [1]–[3]. Unlike traditional engine bench test methods, PEMS technologies require only installation of the related test instrument on the assigned vehicle to perform practical emission tests rather than laboratory tests after disassembling an engine. Shen et al from Beijing Technology and Business University employed a SEMTECH-DS vehicle-mounted test system and 3 agricultural vehicles to implement practical road driving tests; they determined the average emission factors of HC, NOx , CO and CO2 based on fuel consumption [19]. This paper emphasizes investigating the PEMS emission characteristics of the China VI emission standards; develop a test scheme that is consistent with the China VI standards; analyzing the emission factors based on the unit mass of fuel, unit road haul and unit time; and monitoring the operation of disposal systems and control strategies for practical roads. The research results provide a reference for the China VI emission standards for vehicle emission factors
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