Green synthesis and chemical characterization of a novel anti-human pancreatic cancer supplement by silver nanoparticles containing Zingiber officinale leaf aqueous extract

Abstract

In recent years, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been used as key chemotherapeutic drugs to treat various cancers like prostate, breast, ovarian, and blood cancers. No previous reports demonstrated the in vitro anti-human pancreatic cancer properties of the novel chemotherapeutic drug formulated by silver nanoparticle compounds including Zingiber officinale leaf. To survey the anti-human pancreatic cancer activities of AgNO3, Zingiber officinale leaf aqueous extract, and silver nanoparticles, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used on common human pancreatic cancer cell lines. According to the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopes (FE-SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, the silver nanoparticles were in an average size of 18.93 nm with a spherical shape. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test revealed similar antioxidant potentials for Zingiber officinale leaf aqueous extract, silver nanoparticles, and butylated hydroxytoluene. Silver nanoparticles inhibited half of the DPPH molecules in the concentration of 172 µg/mL. Silver nanoparticles had very low cell viability and anti-human pancreatic cancer properties dose-dependently against AsPC-1, PANC-1, and MIA PaCa-2. The IC50 values of the silver nanoparticles were 295, 312, and 220 µg/mL against AsPC-1, PANC-1, and MIA PaCa-2 cell lines, respectively. It is thought that the silver nanoparticles obtained can be used as an anticancer drug for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer in humans after acceptance of the above findings in clinical study trials.