Green preparation of nanoemulsion of Cinnamomum burmanni (Nees et T.Nees) blume essential oil loaded with cinnamaldehyde and evaluation of its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and wound healing activities

The leaf of Vernonia leopoldi (Sch. Bip. Ex Walp.) Vatke has been used traditionally for the treatment of wounds. However, literature is scanty on experimental wound healing activity of the plant. The objective of this study was to investigate the wound healing activity of the 80% methanol extract of V. leopoldi leaves in mice. Wound healing activity was investigated using excision and incision wound models. The extract was studied for wound healing activity by formulating a topical ointment using two concentrations (5% and 10% w/w). Simple ointment base (negative control) and 0.2% nitrofurazone (w/v) ointment (positive control) were used for comparison of wound healing activity. The wound contraction, period of epithelialization and tensile strength were evaluated. In addition, anti-inflammatory activity was tested at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg using carrageenan hind paw oedema model. In vitro antibacterial activity was also assessed using agar well diffusion technique at concentrations of 50 - 500 µg/µl against both Gram- positive and Gram-negative bacteria that are associated with wound infections. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extract were determined. Treatment of wound with ointment containing 5% and 10% (w/w) methanol extract exhibited significantly increased (p < 0.05) wound contraction rate, shorter epithelialization time, and higher skin breaking strength as well as increased collagen deposition, fibroblast proliferation and vascularization as evidenced by histopathological analysis. The 10% (w/w) extract ointment showed better wound healing activity than the 5% ointment and its effect was comparable to that of nitrofurazone. The extract also produced dose-dependent significant reductions (p < 0.01 - 0.001) of inflammation as compared to the control. The extract also displayed better antibacterial activity on Gram-positive than Gram-negative organisms. From the results, it can be concluded that the 80% methanol extract of V. leopoldi is endowed with wound healing, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities.

Indian Journal of Natural Products,2022,36,1,44-51.DOI:10.5530/ijnp.2022.1.7Published:February 2023Type:Original ArticleAuthors:Swati Srivastava, Divya Rani Sharma, Arvind Kumar Srivastava, Alok Mukerjee, Abhishek Kumar Tripathi, and Sunil Kumar Singh Author(s) affiliations:Swati Srivastava, Divya Rani Sharma, Arvind Kumar Srivastava*, Alok Mukerjee, Abhishek Kumar Tripathi, Sunil Kumar Singh Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Naini, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA. Abstract:Background: Wounds are a serious worldwide health problem that place significant economic, financial, and social strain on health care organizations, professionals, patients, and their families. Aim: To investigate the anti- inflammatory and wound healing activity of ethanolic extract of leaves Cycas revoluta. Materials and Methods: In albino rats, the anti- inflammatory and wound healing activity was explored using complete excision, incision wound model and paw edema induced wound model. The wound healing and anti-inflammatory activity were then compared to that of other standard medications available. Results: In both models investigated, different dosages of CREE (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) significantly improved wound healing activity. When compared to the control group of mice, animals treated with CREE had a higher rate of wound contraction (p<0.001), a shorter period for epithelialization (p<0.01), a higher skin breaking strength (p<0.001), and a higher hydroxyproline content. In addition, histopathological investigations of the CREE-treated groups demonstrated better wound healing. Conclusion: The study reveals the wound healing and anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extracts (95%) of leaves part of Cycas revoluta in complete wound healing and anti-inflammation model. The extracts seem promising for the development of phytomedicine for wound healing and anti-inflammatory and study provides future research in screening the extract constituents responsible for the wound healing and anti-inflammatory activity. Keywords:Anti-inflammatory, Cycas revoluta, Ethanolic extract (95%)., Wound healingView:PDF (1.47 MB)

Appraisal on the wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities of the essential oils obtained from the cones and needles of Pinus species by in vivo and in vitro experimental models

The solvent fractions of the fruits of Argemone mexicana L. (Papaveraceae) have not yet been explored scientifically for in vivo wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities. The objective of this study was, therefore, to evaluate in vivo wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities of the solvent fractions of the fruit of Argemone mexicana L. (Papaveraceae) in rats. The crude extract of Argemone mexicana was fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and distilled water. Wound healing activity was evaluated using excision and incision wound models while anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan-induced rat paw and cotton pellet-induced granuloma models. The fractions were evaluated at 5 and 10% ointments using moist-exposed burn ointment as the standard drug, and 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg test doses using aspirin, and dexamethasone as standard drugs for wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities, respectively. All treatment administrations were made orally for anti-inflammatory activity and applied topically for wound healing activity. The 10% w/w ethyl acetate fraction ointment showed a significant percentage of wound contraction, reduced period of epithelialization, increased amount of fibrosis, neovascularization, and collagen tissue formation (p < 0.01). The ethyl acetate fraction also showed a significant increase in tensile strength (55%; p < 0.01) and (81.10%; p < 0.01) at the tested doses of 5 and 10% w/w ointments, which was comparable to moist-exposed burn ointment. The ethyl acetate fraction also revealed a significant percent edema inhibition (61.41%; p < 0.01), suppression of the exudate (38.09% p < 0.01), and granuloma mass formations (53.47% p < 0.01) at the tested dose of 400 mg/kg. The results of this study showed that the Ethyl acetate fraction of Argemone mexicana fruit has significant wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities which support the traditional claims of the experimental plant.

Anti-inflammatory, wound healing and in-vivo antioxidant properties of the leaves of Ficus amplissima Smith

Wound healing, anti-inflammatory and anti-melanogenic activities of ursane-type triterpenes from Semialarium mexicanum (Miers) Mennega

Research on the antioxidant, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory activities and the phytochemical composition of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait)

In vivo anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities of Centaurea iberica Trev. ex Spreng

Discopodium Penninervum Hochst is among the Ethiopian medicinal plants traditionally used for wound healing activity. However, to date, there is no scientific report on its wound healing activity. Thus, the main aim of this study was to investigate the wound healing activity of 80% methanol leaf extract of D. penninervum in mice. Wound healing activity was investigated using excision and incision wound models. Mice were randomly assigned and treated with simple ointment (negative control), nitrofurazone (positive control), 5%, and 10% of D. Penninervum extract. Parameters such as wound contraction, period of epithelialization and tensile strength were evaluated. In addition, anti-inflammatory test using carrageenan-induced hind paw oedema model, in vitro antibacterial activity using agar well diffusion technique against several common bacterial strains that cause wound infection and antioxidant activity studies were performed at different doses of the extract. Both 5% and 10% (w/w) ointments exhibited significant (p &lt; 0.001) increase in wound contraction and shorter epithelization period in excision wound model. Animals treated with 5% and 10% (w/w) ointments showed about 97% and 98% wound closure, respectively, on day fifteen, while the closure of negative control was 88%. In addition, both preparations of the crude extract showed significant increase (p &lt; 0.001) in wound tensile strength as compared to negative controls. Mice treated with 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg extract showed significant (p &lt; 0.001) reduction in paw oedema starting from the 2nd h as compared to negative controls with maximum inhibition of 56.27%, 57.36% and 58.18%, respectively. The crude extract also showed antibacterial activity against both Gram- positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with the former being more sensitive than the latter. The lowest MIC values were observed for S. aureus, (2.6 µg/µl) and the highest (350 µg/µl) for all the studied Gram-negative organisms. The MICindex of the extract was found to be 2. The extract was effective in scavenging DPPH radicals and its IC50 value was 2.77 mg/ml. In addition, quantification of total flavonoid content revealed the presence of 43.03 mg quercetin equivalent flavonoids in the extract. In conclusion, the extract of D. penninervum is endowed with significant wound healing activity that could be attributed to antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the plant.Keywords: Discopodium penninervum, wound healing, excision and incision models, antibacterial activity, anti-oxidant activity

Wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities induced by a Plantago australis hydroethanolic extract standardized in verbascoside

Evaluation of wound healing and anti-inflammatory activity of the leaves of Calpurnia aurea (Ait.) Benth (fabaceae) in mice

Investigations on the in vivo wound healing potential of Hypericum perforatum L.

Wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities of the Michauxia L’Hérit (Campanulaceae) species native to Turkey

Background: Vitex pinnata is a popular ethnomedicinal plant but scientific studies to validate its pharmacological properties are lacking for this plant. This study aims to determine the antioxidant, antimicrobial and wound healing properties of the methanolic extract of the leaves and the hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions. Methods: The leaves ofVitex pinnata underwent methanol extraction and the methanol extract was fractionated with hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate solvents. The antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by disc diffusion assay againstStaphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli andPseudomonas aeruginosa. For the wound healing studies, the methanolic extracts ofV. pinnata were used to prepare ointments with compositions of 10% (w/w) and 50% (w/w), which were evaluated for wound healing activity in an excision wound model in Wistar rats.Results: All the extracts showed antioxidant activities, with the ethyl acetate extract having the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, followed by the methanol, chloroform and hexane extracts. Similarly, their quercetin equivalent concentrations were 33.1, 31, 20.3 and 4.5 mg/mL, respectively. Except for the methanol extract, the disc diffusion assay showed that the extracts demonstrated species-specific antibacterial activities, with the ethyl acetate extract showing antibacterial activities against all four tested strains. The wound healing activity of the high dose treated group (50% [w/w]) shows significant increase of wound contraction when compared to the control group.Conclusion: In the current study, the ethyl acetate extract showed activity for all tested bacteria and also had the highest DPPH activity. The methanolic extracts ofV. pinnata leaves show modest wound healing activity in an excision wound model.

IntroductionThe various fractions of leaves of Achyranthes aspera L. (A. aspera) have not yet been explored scientifically for in-vivo wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities. The objective of this study was, therefore, to evaluate in-vivo wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities of solvent fractions of 80% methanol leaf extract of A. aspera in rats.MethodsThe 80% methanol leaf extract of A. aspera was fractionated with chloroform, n-butanol and water. Wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated using excision and incision wound models, rat paw edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma models, respectively. For wound healing activity, fractions were evaluated at 5 and 10% ointments. The positive control groups were treated with nitrofurazone 0.2% ointment. Simple ointment treated for excision wound model and untreated for incision wound model rats were assigned as negative controls. For anti-inflammatory activity, fractions were evaluated at 100, 200 and 400mg/kg. Positive control groups were treated with indomethacin 10mg/kg for both rat paw edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma models. The 2% Tween 80 treated rats were assigned as negative controls for both anti-inflammatory activity models. All groups comprised of 6 rats and treatment administrations were made topically and orally for evaluation of wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities.ResultsThe 10% w/w chloroform fraction ointment revealed a high percentage of wound contraction and reduced period of epithelialization (p <0.01). Chloroform fraction was also found to be the most active fraction, which demonstrated the maximum percentage inhibition of edema (52.50%; p <0.01) and transudative and proliferative component of chronic inflammation (37.52 and 52.81%; p <0.01), which was comparable to indomethacin.ConclusionData obtained from this study collectively indicated that a chloroform fraction of 80% methanol leaf extract of A. aspera possessed significant wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities.