Abstract
The authors report on the electrochromic (EC) behaviour of the environmentally friendly water-soluble polythiophene sodium poly (2-(3-thienyl) ethoxy-4-butylsulfonate) (PTEBS) solid-state devices. Films are fabricated on indium tin oxide substrates and are composed of bilayers of PTEBS and poly (allylamine hydrochloride) using the ionic self-assembled multilayer approach. The self-assembled films showed high stability and demonstrated EC switching from orange to green with a contrast of 61% and colouration efficiency of −238 cm2/C in 0·1 M NaClO4 (aq) at 735 nm. 80-bilayer solid-state devices have an optical contrast of 38% at 735 nm, and 1-cm2 active area devices show fast t90% switching times of 125 ms for coloration and 225 ms for decoloration with applied voltage of 2 V for long-term switching of more than 50,000 cycles.
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