Abstract
Keratin is a plentiful and renewable fibrous protein resource found in nature, but a great deal of keratin-containing waste causes environmental problems, especially wool waste, which accounts for the majority. A green and efficient extraction method of keratin based on microwave induction method was studied. Compared with traditional thermal induction, the extraction time was shortened by half, and the dissolution rate of the wool was improved. The effects of the above two methods on the size, structure, crystallinity, and thermal stability of wool keratin were studied by a series of analysis methods [e.g., attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (ATR-FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and so on]. The results showed that under microwave irradiation, the disulfide bonds were destroyed greatly, and the secondary structure changed significantly, which was beneficial to obtain wool keratin with low crystallinity and small particle size.
Highlights
Keratin is a rich and renewable fibrin resource found in nature, which is the main component of wool, hair, feathers, nails, and horns (Vasconcelos et al, 2008; Shavandi et al, 2017a)
Physicochemical methods are mostly based on violent reaction conditions, such as hydrothermal (Zoccola et al, 2012), high density steam flashexplosion (HDSF) (Zhao et al, 2012), and steam explosion (Tonin et al, 2006)
2.2.2 Extraction Methods of Wool Keratin In this paper, the conventional thermal induction (CI) method and the microwave induction (MI) method were explored in the process of extracting wool keratin
Summary
Keratin is a rich and renewable fibrin resource found in nature, which is the main component of wool, hair, feathers, nails, and horns (Vasconcelos et al, 2008; Shavandi et al, 2017a). More than 5 million tons of keratin-containing waste resources are produced in the world. These wastes come from hair, feathers, and horns of slaughterhouses, inferior raw hair, and by-products of wool fibers produced by textile processing in recycling stations (Wang et al, 2016; Shavandi et al, 2017b). Among these waste streams, wool waste is the majority. The recovery and utilization of keratin have important economic, social, and ecological benefits, which open up new opportunities for the recovery and utilization of waste wool resources and can further broaden the application of keratin in engineering materials
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