Abstract
Considering a Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by a fully ionized hydrogen plasma, we study the effect of the gravitational field of the plasma particles on the shadow. We take a formalism in which this effect is unified with the refractive effect of the plasma medium studied previously, but the two effects are characterized by two independent parameters. For semi-realistic values of parameters, we find their corrections to the shadow radius are both negligible, and the gravitational correction can overtake the refractive correction for active galactic nuclei of masses larger than 10^9M_{odot }. With unrealistically large values of parameters, we illustrate the two effects on the light trajectories and the intensity map.
Highlights
Black holes are a miracle of gravity
We have investigated the gravitational effect of plasma particles on the radius and the intensity of the black hole shadow
We did this in a toy model of a Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by a static plasma of density ρ(r ) ∝
Summary
Black holes are a miracle of gravity. their existence used to be controversial in the last century, they are believed to play important roles in the life cycle of a massive star, in the center of a galaxy and in the theory of quantum gravity. The shadow and ring is formed by strong gravitational lensing of synchrotron emission from the hot plasma in the disk In this scenario, the plasma plays the part of a light source and the central black hole works as a very strong lens. We will assume that the plasma is static and its density profile falls as r −3/2 outside the event horizon. This model is far from realistic, but it enables us to assess the gravitational effect of plasma particles following the method introduced in Ref. Applying the general formulae to model A, influences of the plasma on black hole shadows are investigated in Sect.
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