Abstract
Desalination is a response to water scarcity. Reverse osmosis is a popular method for desalination, but it has some weaknesses. These weaknesses include trade-offs between permeability and selectivity, susceptibility to oxidants, inefficient boron removal, and fouling. To address these issues, researchers have been exploring the use of graphene, a promising material with fine nanochannels, antibacterial properties, large surface area, unique properties, mechanical strength, and chemical stability. This review discusses the importance of reverse osmosis desalination membranes (RODMs) in addressing water scarcity, their limitations, the potential of graphene-based materials in RODMs, progress in reverse osmosis applications, and prospects for solving RODM challenges. Finally, it summarizes the current challenges and future directions for graphene-based RODMs.
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