Abstract
Significant grain refinement of β grains in metastable β TB2 titanium alloy (Ti–8Cr–3Al–5Mo–5V) was achieved through the minor addition of zirconium diboride (ZrB2) during laser melting deposition (LMD). The size of β grains decreased from ∼150 μm in the as-deposited TB2 alloy to ∼70 μm in TB2+0.5ZrB2 (TB2 with 0.5 wt% ZrB2 addition) alloy. This study demonstrates that TB2+0.5ZrB2 exhibits good combination of ultimate tensile strength (UTS ≈ 896 MPa) and ductility (EL ≈ 15%) in comparison to the as-deposited TB2 (UTS ≈ 811 MPa and EL ≈ 18%). At similar strength (UTS≈ 900 MPa), TB2+0.5ZrB2 shows superior ductility than TB2+0.4Zr+0.1B and TB2+0.1B because of the formation of fine TiB particles (length of ∼0.6 μm) by uniformly introducing boron (B) into TB2 and lower diffusion rate of B. The excellent mechanical properties of TB2+0.5ZrB2 are attributed to the synergistic effect of strengthening from refined β grains and fine-scale TiB precipitation. The mechanism associated with refinement of β grains is elucidated and discussed in the context of relevant phase diagrams.
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