Abstract
In his analysis of the functioning of empires, Herfried Munkler argues that the stability and duration of imperial might depend on the appropriate use and balance of the four “sources of power”. These he identifies – following Michael Mann – as being control over military, economic, political and ideological resources. The emergence and expansion of empires is due to military and economic superiority. One of the crucial moments in the history of empires is the transition from the phase of expansion to the phase of consolidation. Stabilizing imperial might requires a shift from the predominant use of military and economic power to that of the two other resources, politics and ideology.1 Not all empires, however, succeed in transcending this “Augustan threshold”2 and become permanent. According to Munkler, it was due to the Ottomans failure to create and maintain this necessary balance of power, that their
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