Government interventions in industrial development and regional development: the role of endowment structure

Stimulating R&D of industrial energy-efficient technology; the effect of government intervention on the development of strip casting technology

Sri Lanka is experiencing extreme weather events, including intense rainfall, prolonged droughts, and rising temperatures, driven by recent climate change. Despite policies to mitigate climate change, the effectiveness of government intervention in Sri Lanka is problematic. The main objectives of this study are to examine the reasons for the less effectiveness of government interventions and to explore the community’s preparedness for climate change. Based on qualitative research methods, this study utilizes both primary and secondary data. Six villages considered highly disaster-prone were selected purposefully, in the Passara Divisional Secretariat in the Badulla District. Data was collected with the assistance of undergraduates of the Public Administration Department of the University of Sri Jayewardenepura using semi structured open-ended questions. Narrative analyses were employed to present the data. The effectiveness of the government intervention was not satisfactory due to low awareness of early warning systems and evacuation plans, the lack of secure shelters, inadequate post disaster support, a mismatch in relocation land, inequitable subsidy distribution, inadequate long-term recovery support and limited community participation. Several policy measures are suggested to improve the effectiveness of government intervention. The study provides valuable insights for improving disaster preparedness and response strategies by identifying gaps in government intervention and community preparedness for disaster mitigation in the country.

Government intervention in stimulating technological change and innovation in the private sector has become more involved and more intense during the past two decades (Baer, Johnson and Merrow, 1976, p. iii). The term “government regulation” can be used in a broad or narrow sense. The broader sense involves any government intervention in the affairs of private industry. However, the term “government regulation” is being used more frequently in its narrower sense to connotate the effects of government intervention in terms of product characteristic and market modification actions. These two actions are very important dimensions of government regulation. However, a third dimension, technology creation actions, also should be considered. Abernathy and Chakravarthy (1879, p. 4) identified and labeled these three variables and consolidated them into two dimensions for their government intervention framework model. Product characteristic and market modification actions were characterized as forms of regulatory intervention, while technology creation actions were characterized as an important form of federal research and development (R&D) intervention. I propose that these three variables are separate dimensions of government regulation which can be summated to describe the net effects of government intervention in industrial innovation. Using a conceptual perspective, I modified and enlarged the Abernathy and Chakravarthy framework to include a third dimensional view of government regulation which will suggest useful guidelines in shaping Federal intervention policy for the purpose of stimulating industrial innovation.

This study examines the relationships between government interventions, risk perception, and the public’s adoption of protective action recommendations (PARs) during the COVID-19 coronavirus disease emergency in mainland China. We conducted quota sampling based on the proportion of the population in each province and gender ratios in the Sixth Census and obtained a sample size of 3837. Government intervention was divided into government communication, government prevention and control, and government rescue. We used multiple regression and a bootstrap mediation effect test to study the mechanism of these three forms of government intervention on the public’s adoption of PARs. The results show that government prevention and control and government rescue significantly increased the likelihood of the public adopting PARs. Risk perception was significantly associated with the public’s adoption of PARs. The effects of government interventions and risk perception on the public’s adoption of PARs was not found to vary by region. Risk perception is identified as an important mediating factor between government intervention and the public’s adoption of PARs. These results indicate that increasing the public’s risk perception is an effective strategy for governments seeking to encourage the public to adopt PARs during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: A key challenge in estimating epidemiological parameters for a pandemic such as the initial COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan is the discrepancy between the officially reported number of infections and the true number of infections. A common approach to tackling the challenge is to use the number of infections exported from the originating city to infer the true number. This approach can only provide a static estimate of the epidemiological parameters before city lockdown because there are almost no exported cases thereafter.Methods: We propose a Bayesian estimation method that dynamically estimates the epidemiological parameters by recovering true numbers of infections from day-to-day official numbers. To illustrate the use of this method, we provide a comprehensive retrospection on how the COVID-19 had progressed in Wuhan from January 19 to March 5, 2020. Particularly, we estimate that the outbreak sizes by January 23 and March 5 were 11,239 [95% CI 4,794–22,372] and 124,506 [95% CI 69,526–265,113], respectively.Results: The effective reproduction number attained its maximum on January 24 (3.42 [95% CI 3.34–3.50]) and became less than 1 from February 7 (0.76 [95% CI 0.65–0.92]). We also estimate the effects of two major government interventions on the spread of COVID-19 in Wuhan.Conclusions: This case study by our proposed method affirms the believed importance and effectiveness of imposing tight nonessential travel restrictions and affirm the importance and effectiveness of government interventions (e.g., transportation suspension and large scale hospitalization) for effective mitigation of COVID-19 community spread.Significance for public healthIn fighting global pandemic such as COVID-19, an important early task for understanding the spread is to closely monitor the infection size and assess the disease epidemiological parameters. The in- sights gained from the epidemiological parameter estimation enable public health practitioners to dynamically monitor the temporal spread trend and to quantitatively analyze the effectiveness of new public health policies. In this paper, we aim to address a key technical challenge potentially arising from the under-reporting issues in pandemic early periods, and critically re-examine the COVID-19 situation at the initial epicenter Wuhan city as a practically relevant case study. Methodological development for modeling dynamic evolution involving parameter estimation therefore has important public health applications and is expected to have significant impact on modeling practice for understanding future epidemic events well beyond COVID-19.

Endowment Structure, Industry Dynamics and Vertical Production Structure in China-Theory and Evidence

The effects of government intervention on the market for corporate terrorism insurance

Government intervention and carbon welfare performance: Nonlinear effects and spatial spillovers from China.

Using a sample of mixed ownership pilot enterprises in China from 2014 to 2018, we find that mixed ownership reform (MOR) can improve earnings quality. Thus, improving earnings quality (reducing market friction) is a specific mechanism through which MOR affects economic growth. We also find that the effect of government intervention on earnings quality varies across regions. In high-marketization regions, government intervention cater to the market and it has little or marginal effect on the effect of MOR on earnings quality. However, in low-marketization regions, government weakens the effect of MOR on earnings quality. MOR and reduced government intervention have complementary effects on earnings quality. MOR is not a one-size-fits-all formula, and it should be tailor-made according to local conditions (such as marketization levels).

In the context of China's implementation of an innovation-driven development strategy, the improvement of corporate competitiveness is increasingly dependent on technological innovation capabilities. The Chinese government has also issued a series of policies to promote the R&D activities of enterprises. Through combing and summarizing a large number of relevant literature, it is found that the existing literature has not yet reached a unified conclusion on the effect of government intervention on enterprise technological innovation, and few kinds of literature have conducted research on the relationship between internal control quality and enterprise technological innovation. Meanwhile, there is almost no literature to explore the moderating effect of internal control quality on the correlation between government intervention and enterprise technological innovation. Based on this, to study the influence mechanism and effect among government intervention, internal control quality and enterprise technological innovation paves the way for subsequent research and provides a useful perspective for guiding enterprises to strengthen technology innovation and improvement of industrial structure upgrade.

The implementation of government intervention and financial support can solve the problem of insufficient investment in independent innovation of enterprises, improve the ability of independent innovation of strategic emerging industries, and achieve the goal of high-quality economic development. However, due to the inconsistency between the government's macro-control objectives and the interest objectives of financial institutions, government intervention and financial support are uncoordinated. Under this background, this paper studies the impact of government intervention and financial support on the independent innovation of strategic emerging industry enterprises. The results show that: (1) Government intervention can stimulate enterprises to increase investment in independent innovation. (2) Government intervention and financial support affect the allocation of financial resources in enterprise innovation activities. (3) Long term bank loans inhibit enterprises' independent innovation and development, and reduce enterprises' investment in independent innovation.

We examine whether government intervention plays an important role in determining corporate investment allocations and efficiency in China. We find the government tends to intervene to promote corporate investment in fixed assets, equity in other state‐owned enterprises (SOEs), and natural resources including oil, natural gas, and mines, but reduces research and development (R&D) investment. However, the effects of government intervention on these investment allocations are primarily found in local SOEs rather than in central SOEs or in private enterprise. Government intervention also induces a crowding‐out effect in natural resource investments of private firms, suggesting that government intervention distorts investment allocations and reduces investment efficiency.

The study of SMEs development has become an interesting issue in the field of education including because of its great contribution to society and nation. The research objectives are to describe 1) the effect of government intervention toward the increase of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) innovation capabilities and competitive advantage in South Sulawesi; 2) the effect of non-market capabilities toward non market strategies and competitive advantage of SMEs in South Sulawesi; 3) the effect of non-market capabilities toward government intervention. The data used is the primary data which was obtained from interviews with 40 respondents in Makassar, Parepare, Sidenreng Rappang and Bantaeng. The sample from which data collection done is selected using purposive sampling method. Results are presented in descriptive and inferential statistics. The research results show that innovation, government intervention, nonmarket strategies and capabilities are prerequisite to improve SMEs competitiveness. In addition, the small businesss competitiveness will significantly change when the innovations undertaken are influenced by government intervention. Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE

Agglomeration effects of high-tech industries: Is government intervention justified?

Government intervention in transition period is one of the critical influential factors of merger efficiency, and there is much less research in this field. This paper deeply analyzed the effect of government intervention on merger efficiency from the multidimensional perspectives of the executive level of government intervention, transferring of state-owned control right and changing of final controller. This research concluded as follows, resource distribution efficiency of merger market is on the steady increase, however, government intervention has negative effect on company merger & acquisition, and the difference in the intervention extent of the government on the company merger & acquisition leads to the difference in the merger efficiency. With the enforcement of government intervention from the central government to provincial, city and county governments, the merger efficiency is in turn in decrement. The merger efficiency of state-owned controlling right transferring market is not high due to the effect of government intervention, and the transferring performance of state-owned controlling right with the changing of final controller is relatively high.