Good practices in military cybersecurity training

Improving the quality of professional training of future IT specialists for productive activities requires the fundamentalization of the content of computer disciplines. There has been substantiated the necessity of fundamentalization of the content of professional training of future IT specialists on the basis of the concept of systematic, differential and integrative fundamentalizationaccording to the principle of two-level continuous fundamentalization on the basis of philosophical, mathematical and natural laws and concepts. It has been proved that in order to effectively prepare future IT specialists for productive professional activities, it is necessary to develop a unified system approach to the presentation of educational material of various computer disciplines, which will allow students to form basic knowledge and skills in creating new software or hardware for computer equipment. For this purpose, a model of the fundamental concept of the object of computer discipline has been developed, according to which a technical object can be described as a set of its fundamental foundations of purpose, structure, principle of action and characteristics. This approach to the presentation of concepts contributes to a deeper learning of the learning material through the definition of causal relationships between the purpose, structure, principle of action and certain characteristics of the IT object. The generalized scheme of obtaining a new IT object of computer discipline on the basis of changing the fundamental foundations of the basic IT object is given. It has been shown that importance of fundamentalization of professional training of the future IT specialists to productive professional activity consists in the awareness that reproductive (basic) and productive (new) IT objects should be mastered in the process of productive educational and cognitive activity. There has been developed a structural and functional model of the fundamentalized content of professional training of IT specialists for productive activities, which reflects the logic of the development of IT objects on their fundamental foundations. It consists of three levels: generally scientific, current IT branch and perspective general scientific and IT industry basic concepts. It has been shown that the general scientific foundation of professional training of future IT specialists forms a differentiated content of philosophical, mathematical and natural disciplines. The current IT branch foundation is the content of teaching computer disciplines, which consists of the concepts of basic IT objects and their fundamental foundations.The perspective general scientific and IT branch foundation is the philosophical, mathematical and natural laws and concepts that can become the foundation for future IT objects, as well as the concept of the prospects for the development of existing IT objects.

In the article was analyzed the problem of professional training of future IT specialists in the receptions of domestic scientists of the last decade. It is found that the modern system of training specialists in higher education in Ukraine is focused on global trends in the development of higher education, such as globalization, integration, democratization, continuity, humanization, openness of education, academic freedom, autonomy, digitalization, etc., which leads to the transformation of training of highly qualified specialists, including IT specialists. It is proved that reception as a new methodological technology involves interpretation – one's own interpretation, addition to the previously created. Based on the analysis, it is determined that the professional training of future IT specialists involves the formation of their readiness to work and acquire relevant competencies in information technology, mathematical and computer modeling of processes and systems of various nature, forecasting, optimization, system analysis and decision-making, etc. The article characterizes the research of Ukrainian scientists related to the professional training of IT specialists in its multi-vector dimension over the past decade, such as I. Gerasymenko, A. Stryuk, A, M. Rassovutska, S. Semerikov, I. Tarasov, Y. Sikora, O. Glazunova, A. Kocharyan, S. Nikolayenko, V. Shynkaruk, V. Kovalchuk Y. Vasylenko, L. Dmytritsa, T. Bodnenko, V. Vlasenko, V. Bykov, A. Gurzhiy, M. Shyshkina, T. Voloshyna, T. Vakaliuk, T. Potapchuk, O. Malykhin, T. Yarmolchuk, S. Berezenska, N. Oliynyk, I. Varava, A. Kapiton, A. Schlichta, and others. It has been established that in the last decade, Ukrainian researchers have considered the professional training of future IT specialists in the context of their professional activities in a rather different way and have drawn certain analogies with the concept of competence as a person's ability to perform a certain type of activity

Проведено аналіз нормативно-правового забезпечення підготовки фахівців ізкібербезпеки та надано характеристику системі підготовки та підвищення кваліфікації фахівців із кібербезпеки основних суб’єктів національної системи кібербезпеки. Виявлено проблемні питання щодо підготовки та підвищення кваліфікації фахівців із кібербезпеки основних суб’єктів національної системи кібербезпеки, що уповільнюють впровадження інформаційних технологій в усіх сферах суспільного життя та діяльності. Сформульовано пропозиції основним суб’єктам національної системи кібербезпеки та Національному координаційному центру кібербезпеки, які беруть участь у професійній підготовці фахівців із кібербезпеки, для подальшого використання у практичній діяльності та для удосконалення відповідної нормативно-правової бази.

The study draws attention to the continuity of professional training of IT specialists, who are needed by the modern labor market of the information society as an important factor of readiness for professional activity and professional self-improvement.According to the letter of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine "Regarding the improvement of the quality of training of specialists for the IT industry", which emphasized the need to review the content of normative disciplines taught during the training of specialists, in 2016 the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine carried out work on the creation of new educational standards, the structure of which stipulated by the Law on Higher Education (2014). When creating new standards, considerable attention was paid to maintaining continuity in education, the essence of which is not only the presence of subsequent connections, but also the fact that it provides for the dynamics of the development of the pedagogical process in the training of specialists. Despite the significant progress of the scientific community in working out this problem, there is no clear understanding of the essence and functions of this phenomenon.The purpose of the study is to prove the relevance of the principle of continuity of professional training as a basis for the readiness of future computer programmers for professional activity, to reveal the essence and content of the concept of "continuity of professional training of IT specialists", to carry out an analysis of scientific works on the stated issues. Applied research methods: analysis, synthesis, logical, comparative.The results obtained: the researcher concludes that continuity as a didactic principle is characterized by the following qualities: generality, didacticity, interrelationship and interpenetration with other principles, for example, scientific and accessible, professional orientation, etc. The author also proves that the readiness for professional self-improvement of future programmer technicians is one of the necessary components of their professional competence.

У статті здійснено теоретичне обґрунтування психолого-педагогічних особливостей професійної підготовки фахівців з інформаційних технологій, адже одним з головних пріоритетів України є прагнення побудувати орієнтоване на інтереси людей, відкрите для всіх і спрямоване на розвиток інформаційне суспільство, у якому інформаційні технології є інструментом соціального розвитку країни. В умовах швидкої зміни технологій від системи освіти вимагається підготовка великої кількості ІТ-фахівців, які володіють певними професійними компетентностями та здатні працювати у постійно мінливих умовах сучасного суспільства. Ця потреба призвела до нового розуміння й оцінки ролі ІТ, обумовленої необхідністю консолідації зусиль світової спільноти у формуванні цілісного гармонізованого підходу до підготовки професійних ІТ-кадрів. Створення умов, що враховують психолого-педагогічні особливості студентів, які спрямовані на успішний розвиток продуктивного мислення та навчальної діяльності − одна з найважливіших проблем теорії і практики навчання студентів.

The article analyzes the research of national and international normative legal documents for the purpose of determining the specifics of training IT specialists. The definition of the topic of values is singled out as one of the component requirements for professional training. The fundamental importance of the opportunity to provide educational means for personal and cultural development is emphasized. The implementation of such a task is related to the formation of axiological culture and deontological thinking. The results of the analysis of international legal acts and the confirmation of the trend of ethnoization of social life, the relevance of the formation of a deontological type of thinking during the professional training of future specialists, in particular in the IT sphere, are presented. It is emphasized that the purpose of our research is the analysis of national and international legal act on the issue of including the formation of axiological culture and deontological type of thinking during the training of specialists in the IT industry. This kind of analysis is reliably confirmed by scientific materials and modern researchers. It is fair to analyze the materials of the leading institutions of the IT sphere – the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, the Accreditation Committee of the European Network for Quality Assurance in Computer Education. The results obtained at this stage rightly confirm the basic thesis of our research: high-quality professional training of IT specialists is impossible without a formed axiological culture and deontological thinking. It was noted that in scientific practice, Ukrainian researchers also pay considerable attention to the development of the axiological component o training a high-quality, competitive IT specialist. A group of British and American researchers, as well as IT practitioners, revealed that the subject of studying human characteristic is necessary t achieve success in the IT field and business. The need to introduce a competency-based approach in the training of a future IT specialist is indicated. Therefore, the analysis of legal acts and researches of practitioners of the IT industry indicated the perspective of the introduction and development of the axiological component and the deontological component in the preparation of a high-quality IT specialist.

The article considers the areas related to the training of IT specialists in Russia. Currently, the state pays more attention to the formation and development of the IT industry, official documents have been adopted concerning the training of relevant specialists, budget places for applicants to IT specialties are increasing. Considering that everything is changing and developing rapidly in the IT field, specialists have to constantly study, since the knowledge gained at the university is not enough after a while. The article discusses the main problems that one has to face in the educational process when preparing «IT specialists». Technical and technological support for practical classes and research activities, involvement of business practitioners in the educational process, advanced training of teachers involved in training personnel for the IT industry, interaction «college — university», «school — university» are just some aspects for the successful implementation of training programs in IT areas and specialties.

article discusses the foreign experience of professional training of IT specialists. The growth in demand for professional IT specialists in the world, and in Ukraine in particular, has been noted. At the same time, it was noted that there is a shortage of professional engineering and teaching personnel, their non-compliance with world standards, which requires analysis and systematization of the experience of professional training of information technology specialists abroad. Based on the example of some leading educational institutions in Europe, Asia, Canada, and the USA, included in the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), an overview of training systems for future IT specialists was made. Theoretical generalization proved the absence of such a unified system. The peculiarities of the training of IT specialists abroad are highlighted and summarized: basic training is carried out during the first and second years of study; students can choose additional disciplines at their own discretion; specialties have a significant share of the practical training component; in the third or fourth year of study, students choose a specialization according to which they study a certain list of disciplines offered for in-depth study; while studying at the bachelor's level, students can participate in scientific research in the field of information technologies. Recommendations for improving the system of professional training of future information technology specialists in higher education institutions of Ukraine were formulated: prompt response to changes occurring in science and technology, to the demands of the labor market; focus on the formation of responsibility, leadership skills, the ability to work in a team; creation of the student's individual educational trajectory; involvement of potential employers in professional training; formation of the ability to carry out oral and written communication, to interact with colleagues and employers, to know the rules of business etiquette; combination of learning and practice.

Nowadays requirements for training of qualified IT specialists constantly increase. These issues as well as possible solutions are discussed by both teachers and students on many seminars, forums and conferences. The paper studies different methods of students′ knowledge control and computer systems that are used at the Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology of Riga Technical University and demonstrates results of computer based students’ knowledge control use. Since 2005, two experiments have been held at the Department of Software Engineering in order to evaluate the efficiency of e-course application. The aim of the study is to determine how the use of e-courses for the control of knowledge affects the quality of education during the course studies given that students do not perform all the control activities. The results have shown that the highest examination results are achieved by the students who have completed all the control activities. It proves the influence of use of e-courses for knowledge control on quality of education.

Problem and purpose. The problem of improving the training of IT specialists in the field of electronic document management in the process of studying at a university is examined. Methodology . The study used an analysis of practical activities in working with electronic document management systems and training in working with these systems in the process of training IT specialists in the field of electronic document management. Results. A proposal has been put forward on the need to create a special educational system for electronic document management for use as an object of study and as a means of training in the education of IT specialists in the field of electronic document management, the requirements for it were formulated, and step-by-step models of its preparation are described. Conclusion. The proposed software and technological tools and organizational and methodological methods will allow solving the problem of improving the quality of training of IT specialists in the field of electronic document management.

Реалії динамічного розвитку комп’ютерних і комунікаційних технологій потребують конкурентоспроможних фахівців з інформаційних технологій, які здатні до сприйняття, генерування та практичної реалізації нових наукових ідей, розробки та використання новацій. У статті представлено розроблену та експериментально перевірену стратегічну модель формування готовності фахівців з інформаційних технологій до професійної діяльності в умовах розвитку інформаційних систем. На основі проаналізованої й узагальненої обробки отриманих результатів описано професійні функції та вимоги до фахівців з інформаційних технологій, завдання яких пов’язані з проєктуванням, розробкою і використанням інформаційних систем; обґрунтовано важливість професійної діяльності ІТ-фахівців щодо підтримки повнофункціональної роботи інформаційних систем різних організації. Розроблено індивідуально-особистісну схему стилів навчання, у якій наведені чинники, які є ключовими для сприйняття інформації студентами в навчальному процесі. На основі запропонованої схеми та проведеного діагностування визначено стилі навчання, якими найкраще володіють студенти та проведено аналіз кореляції між стилями навчання й аудиторною роботою, що покладено в основу визначення векторів реалізації навчальних стратегій до фахової підготовки сучасних ІТ-фахівців. Виокремлено стратегії навчання, котрі сприятимуть підвищенню готовності фахівців з інформаційних технологій до професійної діяльності в умовах розвитку інформаційних систем. На підставі отриманої теоретичним і практичним шляхом інформації обґрунтовано доцільність імплементації результатів дослідження на практиці, сформовано та експериментально перевірено стратегічну модель підготовки майбутнього ІТ-фахівця. У запропонованій моделі відображено логіку формування в студентів індивідуально-особистісного стилю пізнавальної діяльності, яка спонукає до самостійного вибору стратегії пізнавальної діяльності й індивідуального дидактичного маршруту, які є зовнішніми організаційними формами формування готовності майбутніх фахівців з інформаційних технологій до професійної діяльності в умовах розвитку інформаційних систем. Представлені результати дослідження передбачають перспективу подальших досліджень, зокрема актуальними напрямами подальших розвідок є пошуки шляхів інтеграції адаптивного й самостійно спрямованого навчання в процес фахової підготовки фахівців з інформаційних технологій.

The article analyzes the basic educational concepts that will form the basis of modeling the professional training of IT specialists. The analysis of the leading educational concepts – personally oriented learning, educational development environment, practice-oriented learning clearly demonstrates their fundamental importance for the further modeling of the educational process of formation of value-deontological competences of future specialists in the IT industry. At the same time, we note that all these concepts have a universal (and general) character for pedagogical theory and practice, in particular for the field of professional training. Therefore, we believe that the purpose of our presentation is to single out a number of educational concepts that are of special importance for the professional training of IT specialists. The Ukrainian and foreign practice of relevant research was analyzed, the definitions of educational concepts were interpreted and summarized. Our analysis made it possible to single out the following educational concepts - universal and special, which will serve as a theoretical and methodological basis for modeling the educational process of forming the value-deontological competences of future specialists in the IT industry. Thus, the article points to the prospect of the selection of certain methods, techniques, technologies and forms of organization of educational activities aimed at the formation of axiological and deontological competences, which we consider factual as confirmation of the formation of future IT, precisely guided by the approaches and guidelines of the specified educational concepts - specialists of axiological culture and deontological type of thinking.

The rapid recovery of the Ukrainian economy in the post-war period is possible only on the basis of a sufficient number of competitive and motivated IT specialists, whose knowledge will not only quickly compensate for all lost technologies in various areas of the country’s economic activity through military operations, bombardments and occupation, but also significantly improve technical-technological level of the country. To this end, the work has carried out a deep analysis of the potential of higher education institutions in Ukraine to train competitive IT specialists. The main problems of Ukrainian universities in the training of IT specialists are substantiated. A comparison of the focus and content of educational programs of leading universities in the training of IT specialists in Ukraine and the leading countries of the world is made. The factors influencing the level of motivation of Ukrainian IT specialists in the direction of the knowledge acquired during training for the needs of restoring the economy of Ukraine have been determined.

Purpose. This article aims to improve the theoretical and applied bases of activating the development of the IT sphere in Ukraine by determining the factors that influence this process and the stages this process went through. Design/methodology/approach. In the article, authors use a set of scientific methods that ensured the conceptual integrity of the study, in particular: logic – to study the evolution of the IT-sphere; system – to highlight the conceptual foundations of the IT products market; methods of dialectical reasoning, induction, deduction – to justify strategic priorities; comparative and statistical analysis – to study the peculiarities of the development of the-IT sphere; economic and mathematical modelling – to build trends, regression models and forecasts; cluster analysis – to identify regional asymmetries in the development of the IT sector of Ukraine. Findings. The article summarizes scientific approaches to the interpretation of the IT sphere. The authors of the article interpret IT-sphere with the activities of economic agents involved in developing a computerized system, storage, data processing, and data management. The authors describe the institutional and legal support for the IT market regulation; the components of the IT market. The authors investigate the chronology of the IT-sphere formation in Ukraine and identify five stages of its development: before 1990; 1990–2000; 2000–2020; 2011–2019; 2019 and to present. The article shows that during the pandemic, the domestic IT sector does not lose its potential, increases exports, and does not reduce public funds payments. Employment in the domestic IT sector is identified as prestigious based on a study of the rate of change in the number of IT specialists in Ukraine, the share of young people among them, and a comparative assessment of their income and income in other sectors of Ukraine’s economy. Originality/value. The authors hypothetically assume that the system of higher education and the volume of government procurement for IT specialists’ training affect the development of IT entrepreneurship in Ukraine. Based on the analysis of data on the distribution by region of Ukraine of the number of higher education institutions, the number of students in higher education institutions, the volume of government procurement for the training of IT specialists, the authors conclude the most increased localization of these indicators in the following regions: Kyiv, Kharkiv region, Lviv region, Dnipropetrovsk region, Odesa region. The authors show that the results of cluster analysis harmonize with the official information on the number of IT companies in Ukraine. This allowed the authors to prove the conclusion about the validity of the hypothetical assumption. A separate part of the article is dedicated to the strategic priorities of the state policy of developing the IT-sphere of Ukraine. The authors consider the effective development of the IT-sphere of Ukraine as strategic progress based on sustainability (viability for future generations), social value (producing effects that are beneficial to society), planning and predictability; effectiveness (multifaceted expediency); controllability, and settlement (state influence). Among the expected results of effective development of the IT-sphere of Ukraine, the authors single out the following: strengthening the role of the IT-sphere in the national economy; development of international cooperation; digitalization of social life and e-government; improving the business climate in IT and related fields; intensification of investment and innovation processes; enhancing the quality of life; expansion of the middle class. Practical implications. The study results can be used by public authorities and local selfgovernment, and extensive IT companies to predict and influence IT development in some countries.

The article presents the results of analysing the general trends of domestic IT industry development and peculiarities of IT specialists training in higher education institutions. The research was carried out by studying the legal acts, statistical sources, economic, scientific and pedagogical literature on the information society functioning regulation. IT education is characterized as an interdisciplinary phenomenon; its multiple aspects are due to its belonging to different sciences’ subjects – pedagogy, psychology, economics, sociology, philosophy, etc. Two important pedagogical problems are identified: developing the digital competences of future specialists’ of all spheres of Ukrainian economy, (to provide specialists’ professional flexibility and mobility in a rapidly changing information society) and staffing the domestic IT industry. It is proved that formal, non-formal and informal directions present IT education in Ukraine. It was found that the formal IT education was able to provide high-quality training of IT specialists for domestic and international labour markets, but began to lose the role of a leading provider of educational services for the IT sector giving way to non-formal and informal education. It is shown that the most urgent problems today are: the most skilled workers’ moving to foreign IT companies with better working conditions and higher salaries, switching to domestic IT sphere of specialists without basic technical education from other non-core spheres, which lowers the qualification of domestic IT specialists; the absence of close effective links between the education system and IT sphere ...