Abstract
<p class="1Body">Superconductor samples were prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction method and systematically studied for their superconducting properties. The Au nanoparticles concentration x varied from 0.0 to 1.0 wt% of the sample's total mass. Those samples were used as targets to prepare Au<sub>x</sub>–Bi<sub>1.7</sub>Pb<sub>0.3</sub>Sr<sub>2</sub>Ca<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>10+δ</sub> thin films by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), deposited on Si (111) substrates and post-deposition oxygen annealing have been achieved. The effect of Au nanoparticles (20 nm) on the physical properties of superconducting phase was studied. The phase identification/gross structural characteristics of synthesized bulk and thin films samples explored through powder X-ray diffractometer and reveals that all the samples crystallize in orthorhombic structure In addition, phase examination by XRD indicated that Au nanoparticles enhanced the (Bi,Pb)-2223 phase formation. The critical transition temperature (<em>T<sub>c</sub></em>) measured by the standard DC four-probe method and was found to have optimal value at x=1.0 wt%, which had a maximum enhancement in <em>T<sub>c</sub></em> for both bulk and thin films samples. The surface morphology investigated through scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), the granular investigation showed that both number and size of voids decreased while grains size increased as x increases to 1.0 wt%.</p>
Highlights
Since the discovery of the bismuth-based superconductors (Maeda, Tanaka, Fukutomi, & Asano, 1988), varieties of potential applications of bulk material (Verma et al, 2012; Díaz-Valdés et al, 1993) as well as thin films
The presence of a CuO phase beyond 800 ̊C, that might be due to the decomposition of Bi2CuO4 with increasing intensity of the peaks for Ca2PbO4, i.e. this indicates that the Bi-2212 phase decomposes into the Bi-2223 phase under periods of the annealing. These results show that it is difficult for a major Bi-2223 phase to form below 800°C, but it appears at temperatures equal or higher than 800 ̊C or for longer annealing times, these results are in good agreement with those reported by Nono et al (2015)
This paper reports on the effects of Au nanoparticle on the superconducting properties of Bi1.7Pb0.3Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 thin films that have been prepared via Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) method
Summary
Since the discovery of the bismuth-based superconductors (Maeda, Tanaka, Fukutomi, & Asano, 1988), varieties of potential applications of bulk material (Verma et al, 2012; Díaz-Valdés et al, 1993) as well as thin films It has been found that the nominal composition and thermal treatment parameters such as annealing temperature, annealing time, and heating and cooling rates play an important role in the formation of high-Tc phases (Abbas, Oboudi, & Raoof, 2015). Different doping and substitution materials have been used to improve formation and stability of the Bi-2223 phase. Pb is the most important doping element that influences the microstructure, phase composition, and the related superconducting properties of the BSCCO system. The presence of Pb in the initial mixture favors the reaction kinetics of the 110 K (Bi-2223) phase by partial substitution of bismuth (Bi) (Jeremie, Alami-Yadri, Grivel, & Flükiger, 1993). It is difficult to obtain pure high Tc phase Bi-2223 during synthesis, but it is still one of the important materials that have been investigated extensively (Sozeri, Ghazanfari, Ozkan, & Kilic, 2007)
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