Abstract
N < r OT long after he founded the Society of Jesus, Ignatius of Loyola counseled his followers to tolerate selectively unfamiliar peoples and their ways. In 1541, he sent two men to Ireland, telling them to follow the method adopted by our enemy, the devil, when trying to gain adherents: For he goes in by the other's door to come out by his own. By applauding innocent activities and passing over other things of a bad complexion, the Jesuits could win sympathy and further our good purpose.1 Fourteen years later, Ignatius made this rationale more concrete in his instructions to a delegation to Ethiopia, whose church he hoped to align with that of Rome. He advised the group to accept Jewish and native customs that did not directly contradict church teaching, to introduce changes gradually and by popular means, and to provide technical and material assistance to the Ethiopians.2 In Asia, Francis Xavier and Allesandro Valignano followed one of Loyola's favorite mandates from St. Paul, to become things to all men in order to win all to Jesus Christ.3
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