Global Patterns of Myopia, Age, Sex, and Vision Loss: A Comparative Analysis of US and South Korean National Surveys.

The Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: An Age-matched Analysis from FiLWHEL (2014–2016), NNS (2008), KNHANES (2013–2015) and NHANES (2013–2016) Data (P18-088-19)

Optimal high-density lipoprotein cholesterol cutoff for predicting cardiovascular disease: Comparison of the Korean and US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys

A proportion of the population sleeps longer on the weekends. We investigated a possible association between weekend catch-up sleep (WCUS) and a known index of later development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). We tested for an association of WCUS and ASCVD risk scores in 2 existing datasets. We analyzed national data from the 2019-2021 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 11,502) and the 2017-2020 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 2,135). WCUS duration from self-reported questionnaires was categorized as ≤ 0 hours, > 0-1 hour, 1-2 hours, and > 2 hours. The ASCVD risk score estimating a 10-year risk of ASCVD events was categorized into low (< 7.5%), intermediate (7.5-20%), and high (≥ 20%) groups. WCUS (> 2 hours) was inversely associated with the high ASCVD risk group in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (adjusted odds ratio = 0.19, 95% confidence interval: 0.08-0.45) but not in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The inverse association of WCUS (> 2 hours) with the high ASCVD risk group was shown only in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, independent of weekday sleep duration (adjusted odds ratio = 0.20, 95% confidence interval: 0.07-0.51 for < 6 hours; adjusted odds ratio = 0.17, 95% confidence interval: 0.07-0.39 for ≥ 6-8 hours; adjusted odds ratio = 0.13, 95% confidence interval: 0.03-0.63 for ≥ 8 hours). However, WCUS (> 2 hours) showed no significant association with the high ASCVD risk group in weekday sleep duration subgroups. The apparent association between WCUS and ASCVD in an existing dataset underscores the need to investigate WCUS in prospective studies. Shin M-K, Chang Y, Song T-J. Association of weekend catch-up sleep with the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score: a hypothesis-generating study from US and Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. J Clin Sleep Med. 2025;21(11):1871-1881.

This Issue at a Glance

Calibration of Cystatin C in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES)

Inflammatory Bowel Disease Prevalence: Surveillance data from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Insulin is an important osteotropic hormone but may be negatively associated with bone mass after adjustment for body mass index in adolescent populations. However, the association between insulin and bone mass in adults remains unclear. The objective of the study was to investigate whether insulin was associated with bone mass in adults and, if so, whether the association was positive or negative. This study had a cross-sectional design, using data from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008-2009 and the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2006. The setting for the study was the Korean and US population. A total of 7271 KNHANES and 3399 NHANES participants were included. Anthropometric parameters and bone mass data, fasting glucose and insulin, height, weight, and markers related to insulin resistance were measured. After adjusting for confounding factors, there was an inverse relationship between insulin and total body bone mineral content in the KNHANES and NHANES subjects. In a stratified analysis, an association between insulin and bone mass was apparent, especially in the highest homeostatic model of assessment of insulin resistance quartile in the Korean subjects. However, this association was seen only in men in the US subjects. There is an inverse relationship between insulin and total body bone mineral content after adjustment for confounding factors in Korean and US subjects, especially in the insulin-resistant population. This strongly suggests that the adverse influence of insulin on bone mass likely reflects the effects of other factors associated with insulin resistance rather than being a direct action of insulin itself.

BackgroundDepression in people with diabetes can result in increased risk for diabetes-related complications. The prevalence of depression has been estimated to be 17.6 % in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), based on studies published between 1980 and 2005. There is a lack of more recent estimates of depression prevalence among the US general T2DM population.MethodsThe present study used the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2012 data to provide an updated, population-based estimate for the prevalence of depression in people with T2DM. NHANES is a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of the civilian, non-institutionalized US population. Starting from 2005, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was included to measure signs and symptoms of depression. We defined PHQ-9 total scores ≥ 10 as clinically relevant depression (CRD), and ≥ 15 as clinically significant depression (CSD). Self-reported current antidepressant use was also combined to estimate overall burden of depression. Predictors of CRD and CSD were investigated using survey logistic regression models.ResultsA total of 2182 participants with T2DM were identified. The overall prevalence of CRD and CSD among people with T2DM is 10.6 % (95 % confidence interval (CI) 8.9–12.2 %), and 4.2 % (95 % CI 3.4–5.1 %), respectively. The combined burden of depressive symptoms and antidepressants may be as high as 25.4 % (95 % CI 23.0–27.9 %). Significant predictors of CRD include age (younger than 65), sex (women), income (lower than 130 % of poverty level), education (below college), smoking (current or former smoker), body mass index (≥30 kg/m2), sleep problems, hospitalization in the past year, and total cholesterol (≥200 mg/dl). Significant predictors of CSD also include physical activity (below guideline) and cardiovascular diseases.ConclusionsThe prevalence of CRD and CSD among people with T2DM in the US may be lower than in earlier studies, however, the burden of depression remains high. Further research with longitudinal follow-up for depression in people with T2DM is needed to understand real world effectiveness of depression management.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0800-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Arthritis Initiatives, Methodologies and Data

Allergic sensitization is a key risk factor for but not synonymous with allergic disease

Enhancing prediabetes and diabetes detection through a machine learning-enabled self-assessment approach.

Physiologically based serum ferritin thresholds for iron deficiency in children and non-pregnant women: a US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) serial cross-sectional study

The association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and brain, esophageal, melanomatous skin, prostate, and lung cancer using the 2003–2018 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) datasets

BackgroundThe US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset does not include a specific question or laboratory test to confirm a history of cancer diagnosis. However, if straightforward variables for cancer history are introduced, US NHANES could be effectively utilized in future cancer epidemiology studies. To address this gap, the authors developed a cancer patient database from the US NHANES datasets by employing multiple R programming codes.MethodsTo illustrate the practical application of this methodology to a real-world problem, the authors extracted the R codes applied in an academic paper published in another journal on January 30th, 2024 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24337). This paper will focus on the construction of the database and analysis using R codes. Entire.ResultsIn the first example, the urine concentration of monocarboxynonyl phthalate, monocarboxyoctyl phthalate, mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate, and mono-2-hydroxy-iso-butyl phthalate (all ng/mL) were used as the independent variable, instead of the serum concentration of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), respectively. In the second example, the serum concentration of 2,3,3’,4,4’-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB105), 2,3,4,4´,5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB114), 2,3’,4,4’,5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB118), and 2,2’,3,4,4’,5’- and 2,3,3’,4,4’,6-Hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB138) were used as the independent variable, instead of the serum concentration of PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, and PFNA, respectively.DiscussionThis research offers a comprehensive set of R codes aimed at creating a single, user-friendly variable that encapsulates the history of each type of cancer while also considering the age at which the diagnosis was made. The US NHANES provides a wealth of critical data on environmental toxicant exposures. By employing these R codes, researchers can potentially discover numerous new associations between environmental toxicant exposures and cancer diagnoses. Ultimately, these codes could significantly advance the field of cancer epidemiology in relation to environmental toxicant exposure.

Chemosensory problems challenge health through diminished ability to detect warning odors, consume a healthy diet, and maintain quality of life. We examined the prevalence and associated risk factors of self-reported chemosensory alterations in 3603 community-dwelling adults (aged 40+ years), from the nationally representative, US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012. In this new NHANES component, technicians surveyed adults in the home about perceived smell and taste problems, distortions, and diminished abilities since age 25 (termed "alterations"), and chemosensory-related health risks and behaviors. The prevalence of self-reported smell alteration was 23%, including phantosmia at 6%; taste was 19%, including dysgeusia at 5%. Prevalence rates increased progressively with age, highest in those aged 80+ years (smell, 32%; taste, 27%). In multivariable logistic regression, controlling for sociodemographics, health behaviors, and chemosensory-related conditions, the strongest independent risk factor for smell alteration was sinonasal symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.63-2.61), followed by heavy drinking, loss of consciousness from head injury, family income ≤110% poverty threshold, and xerostomia. For taste, the strongest risk factor was xerostomia (OR = 2.65; 95% CI: 1.97-3.56), followed by nose/facial injury, lower educational attainment, and fair/poor health. Self-reported chemosensory alterations are prevalent in US adults, supporting increased attention to decreasing their modifiable risks, managing safety/health consequences, and expanding chemosensory screening/testing and treatments.