GLOBAL INFRASTRUCTURE AT THE POINT OF STRUCTURAL DECOUPLING: HOW FRAGMENTATION AND RENATIONALIZATION REDEFINE GEOECONOMIC COMPETITION

PurposeReal estate forms an important part of any economy and the investment in real estate, in turn, is impacted by the macroeconomic environment of that country. The purpose of the present research is to examine macroeconomic determinants of foreign and domestic non-listed real estate fund (NREF) flows and to examine whether they are similar or different for an emerging economy like India.Design/methodology/approachThe long and short-run cointegration between the time-series variables is estimated using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test and error correction model (ECM) using quarterly data across the 2005–2017 period. ARDL is a suitable method for short time-series data.FindingsThe empirical results indicate that domestic NREF flows are positively and significantly impacted by real GDP and performance of listed real estate stocks (i.e. BSE realty index). Whereas, foreign NREF flows are positively and significantly impacted by the exchange rate, performance of listed real estate stocks and domestic NREF flows.Practical implicationsThe empirical results have significant implications for academicians, policy makers and real estate market practitioners. In the context of these results, some interesting insights are gained that would help in the implementation of the policies aimed toward increasing the fund flows in the real estate sector, which in turn would have a significant trickle-down effect on the Indian economy.Originality/valueThe existing literature looks at macroeconomic and other drivers of foreign investment in international real estate investments. However, there are very few studies on the determinants of domestic real estate investment flows and on determinants of NREFs' investment flows; particularly in emerging markets. The present study, in contrast, evaluates simultaneously the macroeconomic determinants of the domestic and foreign NREFs' investment flows in India. The ARDL and ECM method used has been applied for the first time to the study of NREFs.

Transport sector could play a relevant role in future energy decarbonisation pathways contributing to energy consumption and pollutant emissions reduction. Planning in the transport sector requires that policy makers be supported with scientifically sound tools, which are able to take into account the peculiar aspects of transport system analyses, especially at urban scale. One of these peculiarities is the spatial dimension of origin-destination travels, that usually cannot be properly modelled by the common bottom-up energy model generators. These generators are used to build models of the energy systems at different geographic scales, including the urban one, and are suitable for forecasting scenario analyses over mid-long term time horizons, e.g. for studying the decarbonisation pathway feasibility. To face the spatial dimension issue, a new concept – the transport corridor – has been introduced into the open source optimization model generator OSeMOSYS, by acting on the structure of its equations. The proposed methodology, in particular, allows the definition of the minimum cost configuration of an urban transport system, with a competition among transport modes and technologies able to fulfil the mobility demand, under different technical and environmental constraints. This approach can comparatively evaluate the impacts of alternative policy options with a higher granularity with respect to more conventional modelling techniques. As such, it could be useful in assessing, under a mid-long term perspective, the effectiveness of specific local measures (like restricted traffic areas) or actions promoting sustainable mobility (as car-pooling/sharing initiatives), supporting the identification of issues and investment priorities.

In response to global economic, social, and environmental problems, ESG investment principles have changed the approach to directing and structuring foreign direct investment. Additionally, they are becoming an essential factor in attracting migrants. This article aims to determine the impact of foreign direct investment on global migration trends and their peculiarities with the introduction of ESG investment principles. For this purpose, global foreign direct investment flows, global ESG investment flows, and global migration trends have been analyzed from 1995 to 2022. Pairwise correlation calculation was used as the primary analysis method through R-Studio software with integrated R programming language. The results indicated a 35% correlation between the volume of global ESG investment flows and the number of international migrants (as a percentage of the total population, which varies between 3.2% and 3.6%) for 2010-2022. Subsequently, regression analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between critical variables: investment flows and the level of migration in four European countries (France, Poland, the Czech Republic, and Germany). It was determined that investment inflows led to new jobs, accelerated economic growth, and improved business climate, thus encouraging reduced outflow and increased inflow of migrants. Investments based on ESG principles also reduce emigration as they enhance the quality of life in the host country, provide better environmental protection, and promote more transparent corporate management. However, it should be noted that investments have no apparent impact on migration caused by external factors such as wars or political conflicts, so such analysis should not include periods of global economic and political unrest.

U NLESS quality is apparent at the point of sale, the market must find ways to ensure the delivery of high-quality products; otherwise, producers have incentives to sell low-quality goods at high-quality prices, thereby assuring a degenerate equilibrium.1 Various solutions to this problem have been proposed, most revolving around bonding mechanisms.2 For bonds to work, however, consumers must react to the delivery of less-than-promised quality.3 In general, the faster consumers detect and react to delivery of low-quality products, the more efficient the market is in delivering high-quality products.4 Despite its prominence in the theoretical literature, direct evidence of consumer response to less-than-promised quality is rarely measured. This is a shortcoming presumably attributable to the difficulty of measuring both the difference between expected and actual product quality and

The paper is devoted to the study of the dynamics and movement character of global investment capital flows. According to expert data and reports of EBRD, OECD, WB, IMF, UNCTAD, MIGA, Credit Suisse there was realized the analysis of direct foreign investments in countries with the developed economy and developing ones. The short-term prognoses of the movement character of global investment flows of direct and portfolio investment by regions and in the whole were estimated. The high dynamics of renewal of global direct and portfolio investment flows in 2015 and their unessential decrease by 10-15% in the short outlook was determined. The modern global investment tendencies were systematized by regions: Europe, Northern America, Eastern Europe, Asia, Latin America, Near East and Northern Africa, Southern Africa. As a result, it was determined, that the decrease of investment flows dynamics is expected in Europe and Northern America, although Europe remains the most region-investor, and the Northern America demonstrates the fourfold growth of the capital inflow. For developing countries in the middle-term prospect will be typical tendencies of portfolio investments outflow. The deceleration and essential shortening of volumes of direct and portfolio investment flows is typical mainly for Africa and Eastern Europe. Asia is the exclusion, where the dynamics of capital inflow growth returns, and China that is the third investor in the world for today. Periods of global investment flows deceleration and their modern tendencies were separated and characterized.

Strengthening financial and economic stability in certain countries of the world requires the modification of tools for assessing the imbalances in the flow of financial resources that arise and spread as a result of the economy financialization and their consequences for the functioning of markets, especially investment ones. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodological approach to identifying the dependencies between financial resources imbalances resulting from financialization and investment flows. The following research methods were used: science-based abstraction, analysis and synthesis, economic and mathematical methods (to identify the dependencies between the imbalances in the movement of financial resources and investment flows in the economy); comparison and analogy (to study the world experience in identifying the links between financialization and investment flows in the economy). The aspects of the influence of imbalances in financial resources movement as a result of the economy financialization on investment flows are systematized. Various consequences of these imbalances for the functioning of the investment market are determined. The algorithm of identification of special aspects of investment flows influenced by financial resources imbalances was modified. The hypothesis of the strong correlation between the dynamics of foreign direct investment in the Eastern European countries and the level of imbalances in the flow of financial resources has been confirmed. The hypothesis of the significant influence of financialization processes on investment activity in the real sector of the economy, including infrastructure investments, has been refuted. It has been established that imbalances in the flow of financial resources as a result of financialization do not contribute to the development of investment markets of Eastern European countries, and only intensify disparities by directing foreign direct investment in the financial sectors of these countries and increasing the volatility of their market conditions.It has been determined that the approach to identifying the dependencies between financial resources imbalances as a result of financialization and investment flows in Eastern European economies has allowed to substantiate the impact of such imbalances on investment amounts and on the capital formation dynamics.

Objective of this study is to determine whether IFRS convergence will improve the quality of financial statements as indicated by decreasing levels of information asymmetry and declining real earnings management. IFRS convergence is measured by Dummy variables years before convergence and year after covergency while accounting quality reporting is measured by decreasing earnings management level and decreasing level of information asymmetry. Real earnings management uses abnormal cash flow, abnormal discretionary expense and abnormal production cost (Roydhuchory, 2006) while information asymmetry uses adjusted spreads. While the variable of investment flows is measured by the percentage of foreign investment ownership in Indonesia (defond et.al, 2011). This research uses a quantitative approach that aims to test the theory. The research method used is explanatory research. The sample of this study are all companies listed on BEI. Secondary data research data. From purposive sampling, 102 samples were obtained for IFRS convergence effect on Real earnings management and 100 companies to test the effect of IFRS convergence on asymmetry and information asymmetry on global investment flows. Methods of data analysis using linear regression analysis. The result of statistical analysis shows 1) that IFRS convergence has negative effect on real profit management. This indicates that the higher the IFRS convergence the real earnings management will decrease. 2) IFRS convergence has no effect on information asymmetry and 3) Information asymmetry has no effect on global investment flows in Indonesia.

The development of financial management at all levels of the economy ensures targeted, efficient and effective financial management, the stability of financial flows of the economic landscape of an enterprise (institution), region, state, enterprise, individual projects. The implemented rational financial management allows optimal allocation and use of resources; carry out strategic and tactical planning and implement systems for monitoring the use of resources; make informed investment decisions; manage risks; to form quality reports; promote economic growth and maintain financial security. In the conditions of digitalization, financial management uses modern management and communication technologies. The issue of tracking trends in the development of financial management is an urgent task not only for financiers and business owners, but also for top managers and investors Financial management of the enterprise is one of the components of the success of sustainable development. Tracking trends in the development of financial management and introducing changes in the management of cash and investment flows with the help of modern management and digital technologies are urgent tasks for obtaining financial results in accordance with the strategic goals of the company's development. The issue of tracking trends in the development of financial management is an urgent task not only for financiers and business owners, but also for top managers and investors. The scale of the enterprise involves the formation of financial indicators as key measures of activity results in accordance with the enterprise's development strategy. Modern strategies provide for the development of innovativeness, sustainable growth, and social responsibility. The concepts of the development of modern enterprises and their management testify to the introduction of modern information technologies, artificial intelligence, analytical tools, forecasting, etc. The identified trends in the development of financial management and the step-by-step creation of a road map will allow determining the main directions of financial control, introducing changes, and making a reasonable choice of options for optimizing cash and investment flows.

The study aims to identify supply chains based on product flow, information flow, financial flow and analyze the level of marketing efficiency in the copra commodity supply chain. This research was carried out for three months, from August to October 2021, which took place in Lowian Village, Maesaan District, South Minahasa Regency. This study uses primary data and secondary data. The population in this study were all coconut farmers and copra collectors. Sampling using a simple random sampling method (simple random sampling) obtained 50 farmers from a population of 248 farmers and 3 traders collectors. The results showed that the supply chain in Lowian Village was based on product flow from upstream to downstream starting from copra farmers, collectors, and copra processing factories. The flow of information flows from two directions, namely the first direction the factory provides information to traders about the quality and price of copra needed then traders provide price information to farmers, the second direction is farmers provide information to traders about the quality of copra sold then traders will inform the factory about the volume marketing of copra to be sold. As for the financial flows from downstream to upstream, starting from factories that buy copra from collecting traders via bank transfer, then collecting traders buy copra from farmers with a cash payment system. The level of marketing efficiency in the copra supply chain seen from the total marketing margin, marketing costs and profits has been efficient.

Climate change is everywhere, and the Arctic is no exception. The melting sea ice has caused renewed interest in expanding maritime shipping for potentially more accessible ocean routes. Canada emerges as a natural land bridge for trade between Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Plausibly, it is not a choice but an imperative to properly integrate the stakeholders (the environment, countries, remote communities, industrial partners) in opening the Arctic Circle to the global economy while considering the challenges. Keeping sustainability front and center and drawing on the extant literature and government policies, this interdisciplinary study offers a Canadian perspective on Arctic transportation routes over tribal lands and their quadruple bottom line (QBL) impacts on the environment, economy, society, and Indigenous cultures. Unlike the arguable premise that new transport corridors will increase trade traffic and enhance the economy in Northern Canada, the QBL approach enables a more holistic and realistic strategy for the Arctic region’s sustainable development regarding regional economies, rural logistics, supply chain efficiency, and social licensing. Drawing on an integrative literature review as methodology, we highlight the QBL framework and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals as crucial policy tools. Such a holistic perspective helps stakeholders and decision makers frame better policies in identifying, assessing, adapting, and mitigating risks for transportation infrastructure exposed to climate change. We recap the impacts of Arctic Shipping (ArSh) on QBL pillars in an interaction matrix and emphasize that while ArSh may be complementary to economic development, it poses threats to the viability of the Indigenous cultures.

This study emphasizes the importance of adopting a consumer-centric approach to supply chain management, highlighting the role of data-driven analytics, including artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML), in extracting actionable insights from consumer data. Such insights can enhance demand forecasting, personalization strategies, supply chain efficiency, customer satisfaction, and risk mitigation. This chapter looks into the developing landscape of supply chain management, emphasizing the importance of adopting a consumer-centric approach. It examines the role of data-driven analytics, including artificial intelligence and machine learning, in extracting actionable insights from consumer data. The chapter also discusses how such insights can enhance demand forecasting, personalization strategies, supply chain efficiency, customer satisfaction, and risk mitigation.

Prospect theory preferences and global mutual fund flows

Advanced information technologies are increasing the variety of payment triggers between supply chain stages. The cost assumptions made by standard multiechelon inventory models, however, do not have the flexibility to account for these rapid changes. We take one step towards closing this gap by focusing on common payment triggers used with wholesale prices. We introduce a notation system to explicitly connect physical and financial flows so that payment streams can be expressed as functions of standard physical inventory metrics. We then derive a new cost formulation that captures the financial inventory cost implications of such payment streams. These tools are powerful because they dramatically increase the usability and adaptability of existing multiechelon inventory models, under both traditional and more general payment terms. To illustrate, we apply these methods to derive insights on three supply chain topics in a two-echelon base stock model. First, we examine how wholesale prices affect competitive inventory policies and supply chain efficiency under standard payment terms – showing that the cost of decentralization is not only due to too little inventory at the retailer, but also to too much inventory at the supplier. Second, we explore consignment as a possible coordination mechanism – showing that full consignment causes the supplier to overly restrict the inventory at the retailer, but partial consignment can achieve coordination. Third, we study the impact of unequal costs of capital between supply chain members - providing insight into when extending lower capital cost rates to supply chain partners is beneficial.

This research aims to determine product flow, financial flow and supply chain information flow as well as determine the marketing efficiency of the rice seed supply chain at UD Agro Tani. Cluster Random Sampling method, with a total of 26 respondents. The data collection method uses observation, interviews and documentation methods. Data analysis uses farmer's share analysis and marketing efficiency. In the channel 1 pattern the total margin is IDR. 6,200/Kg and channel pattern 2 total margin Rp. 5,700/Kg, total costs incurred by UD Agro Tani Rp. 1,500/kg includes production and transportation costs. The farmer's share value obtained by partner farmers in channel 1 pattern was 48.33% and channel 2 pattern was 50.43%. The percentage value shows that the flow of the rice seed supply chain is said to be efficient because the farmer's share value is <40%. Marketing efficiency in channel pattern 1 was found to be 12.5% ​​and channel pattern 2 was obtained at 13.04%, where the supply chain efficiency was said to be efficient because it was <33%. So the results of farmer's share and efficiency marketing of UD Agro Tani's rice seed supply chain are efficient to do. Keywords: farmer’s share, marketing efficiency, supply chain

We develop theory that accounts for complex dependence in foreign direct investment (FDI) relationships. Conventional theories of FDI focus on firm-, country-, or dyad-level characteristics to account for cross-border capital movements. Yet, today's globalization is characterized by the increasing fragmentation and dispersion of production processes, which gives rise to complex dependence among production relationships. Consequently, FDI flows should be represented and theorized as a network. Specifically, we argue that FDI flows are reciprocal and transitive. We test these hypotheses along with conventional covariate determinants of FDI using an exponential random graph model (ERGM) for weighted networks. We find that FDI networks exhibit both reciprocity and transitivity. Our network approach to studying FDI provides new insights into global investment flows and their political and economic consequences. In addition to our substantive findings, we offer a broad methodological contribution by introducing the ERGM for count-weighted networks in political science.