Abstract
A cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study was conducted from January to August 2015 at the Brazzaville Ambulatory Treatment Center and at the National Blood Transfusion Center. The objective was to contribute to improving the care of people living with HIV under antiretroviral therapy by assessing their global cardiovascular risk (CVR). The variables studied focused on the epidemiological, clinical and biological aspects. The global CVR was assessed by the Framingham and WHO/ISH scores. There were 135 HIV-positive subjects, including 64 treated patients and 71 untreated HIV+ subjects. The subjects were divided into 83 men (61.5%) and 52 women (38.5%), with an average age of 42.6 ± 2.9 old years. The subjects were single people (62.2%), of a secondary educational level (63.7%), and civil servants (32.6%). The main risk factors found were dyslipidaemia (60%), obesity (36%), smoking (12.6%), hypertension (5.9%), diabetes (0.7%). The metabolic syndrome was found in seven cases (11.3%). The global CVR according to the score of Framingham, initially moderated at 17.2%, and mean at 1.5% within treated patients, was mean at 9.4% and high at 1.6% of the subjects respectively at the sixth month of treatment (p < 0.03). For the score of the WHO/ISH, the risk was high at 2% and very high at 3% within treated patients initially. This risk was increased to 3.1% for the high and very high risk respectively at sixth month of treatment (p < 0.04). In Congo, the HIV population involves a high global CVR under antiretroviral therapy. Preventive actions are highly recommended.
Highlights
The objective was to contribute to improving the care of people living with HIV under antiretroviral therapy by assessing their global cardiovascular risk (CVR)
The global CVR according to the score of Framingham, initially moderated at 17.2%, and mean at 1.5% within treated patients, was mean at 9.4% and high at 1.6% of the subjects respectively at the sixth month of treatment (p < 0.03)
HIV/AIDS is a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa, where live nearly 70% of people living with HIV (PLHIV), equals about 25.8 million people, among them 41% are on antiretroviral therapy [1] [2] [3]
Summary
HIV/AIDS is a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa, where live nearly 70% of people living with HIV (PLHIV), equals about 25.8 million people, among them 41% are on antiretroviral therapy [1] [2] [3]. According to WHO/UNAIDS data, published in 2014, the Republic of Congo counted 81,000 PLHIV, and free antiretroviral therapy have been effective since 2000 [1]. Since the beginning of highly effective antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in 1996, HIV infection is considered as a chronic disease [6]. Cardiovascular complications currently represent the third leading cause of death, and the fourth leading cause of hospitalization in HIV patients behind infectious, oncologic and hepatic complications [7]. To prevent these complications, assessing cardiovascular risk (CVR) in HIV patients becomes crucial. This preliminary study is aiming to identify the main cardiovascular risk factors of HIV patients, and to evaluate their global CVR before and during ART
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