Global Capsule Hotel Market: Retrospective Analysis, Current State and Perspectives

The main and important element of infrastructure is transport, therefore, in order to increase the efficiency of public production, it is necessary to develop transport infrastructure, high-quality transport services in order to ensure the connectivity of the economic area. Currently, any country sets a goal – that is the formation of a modern highly efficient transport and logistics infrastructure. Transport needs to be viewed in a dynamic context in terms of its ability to contribute to the economy. The development of transport infrastructure is multidimensional, which depends on many factors. It has several directions, the evaluation of which requires a new approach to the development of new methods that would ensure the objectivity of research in modern conditions. The paper substantiates the need for effective interaction of railway, automobile, river and sea modes of transport in a balanced distribution of cargo flows, reducing transport costs in the price of goods, which will increase the competitiveness of domestic goods on the world market. The authors discuss the main trends in the development of foreign and domestic transport infrastructure. It is concluded that the development of transport infrastructure is possible due to the development, development of methods and methods of high-performance and efficient use of high-tech technologies, innovative forms and methods of organization, information, and digital technologies.

In 2024, the People's Republic of China (PRC) turned 75 years old. During this period, there has been a rapid development of China's transport infrastructure, including not only road transport, but also air, water, and rail. The concept of «Chinese speed» has also become synonymous with the development of China. This article examines the history of the development of China's transport infrastructure, as well as identifies the main trends in the development of transport infrastructure, taking into account modern technologies. The article also systematizes China's experience in the application of innovative approaches to transport infrastructure management, in order to determine aspects of the effective functioning of modern transport infrastructure

The relationship between the economy of China and global is becoming deeper and deeper. There is also a deep relationship between insurance market of China and global. The development of global insurance market may affect that of China. Reference the theory and method of the co movement of the global stock markets, we did research about this with the data of insurance premium from China insurance market and global market. The results show that the co movement of China insurance market and global insurance market is very significant in the long term, especially in the life insurance market. But the co movement of nonlife insurance market isn't significant. On the other hand, in short term, global insurance market affects China insurance market slightly. But it's different in nonlife insurance market. The change of global nonlife insurance market affects that of China insurance market very much. Especially, the fluctuation of global nonlife insurance market is bigger, the effect to China nonlife insurance market is bigger.

The purpose of the study. The purpose of the work is to assess the state of the tourism industry using statistical methods, analysis of scientific literature and identification of the main trends and promising directions of its development. The article is devoted to the possibilities of statistical analysis in the conditions of limited statistical information on Russia in relation to the tourism industry.Materials and methods. The following scientific methods are used in the article: analysis of scientific literature, analysis of dynamics and structure, coefficient analysis, correlation and regression analysis, graphical analysis, forecasting of indexes of the tourism industry. The analysis of Russian and foreign literature allowed us to formulate conclusions about modern methods of analysis used to assess the problems of the tourism industry. The analysis of the indexes in dynamics made it possible to identify and describe the main trends in the development of tourist flows, the volume and cost of selling tourist packages. The calculated structure of collective accommodation facilities showed their percentage ratio during the study period and the change in their shares. The use of correlation analysis made it possible to establish the closeness and direction of statistical relationships between individual factors affecting the state of the industry and the volume of tourist trips. A multiple regression model based on indexes characterizing the dynamics of prices for tours sold, the state of the transport sector and the food sector methodology is created. Based on the Box–Jenkins methodology, predictive models were created and medium-term forecasts were calculated for variables characterizing the number of tourist firms and the number of sanatorium-resort organizations and recreation organizations. The initial data for the study were Rosstat data in annual and spatial dimensions for the period 2011–2020.Results. The article highlights the main directions of research in the field of tourism industry, presented in the works of domestic and foreign authors. The foreign approach to its assessment is carried out through evidence-based methods. The research of domestic authors is more focused on the implementation of program-targeted methods and the identification of problems of assessment and prospects for the development of the industry in the Russian Federation. The analysis of the dynamics of inbound and outbound tourist trips showed a tendency to decrease their total number, which is due to the low level of tourist attractiveness, shocks and restrictive measures caused by the SARSCoV-2 pandemic, the tense foreign policy situation. It is established that the most active external tourist flows of the Russian Federation are observed with neighboring countries. Correlation analysis showed the presence of a statistical relationship between the number of trips made with the state of the transport infrastructure and the cost of the tour packages sold. The trend of growth in the implementation of tour packages in Russian destinations and a reduction in their number in foreign destinations, which is due to an increase in the disparity between the average cost of tour packages depending on the destination of the holiday, is established. The carried out regression analysis procedure showed the relationship between the number of tourist packages sold to citizens of the Russian Federation with the variables “average cost of sold tourist packages” and “fleet of aircraft”, which indicates the need to develop transport infrastructure and optimize the cost of recreation. Forecast calculations on the number of travel agencies and sanatorium-resort organizations have shown their decline in the medium term, which indicates the need to take appropriate measures to activate tourism entrepreneurship.Conclusion. Based on the results of the statistical analysis, the analysis of scientific literature and the content of tourism development programs in the Russian Federation, the authors identified common problems and directions of development of the industry. The main problems of the industry are the following: weak tourist attractiveness, insufficient development of tourist and transport infrastructure, lack of accommodation facilities aimed at mass tourists, low quality of domestic accommodation services, and high cost of foreign tours. The priority directions of the development of the domestic tourism business are related to: the introduction of modern digital technologies, active advertising of domestic tourism, optimization of the costs of tourism industry enterprises, activation of state support in difficult economic conditions.

Purpose: to identify systemic problems in the development of transport infrastructure in the Russian Arctic. Methods: the analysis of the main trends and features of the development of the transport infrastructure of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) in 2000-2018 was carried out. Trends in the development of road and rail transport are considered in the most detail. official statistics provides the most complete information only on them. To analyze the dynamics of the provision of land transport infrastructure in the Arctic regions, the Engel coefficient was used, since it is calculated taking into account the area and population size (this is an important circumstance for the Arctic regions, due to their extremely sparse population and the size of the territories). Results: it was revealed that, despite some positive trends, the transport infrastructure of the Russian Arctic is still characterized by a number of problems. Scientific novelty: it is substantiated that the objective difficulties in the development of transport infrastructure in the Arctic regions are caused not only by difficult natural and geographical conditions, but also by systematic underfunding of the transport industry and a lack of infrastructure investments, primarily in socially significant projects that provide intraregional and interregional transport links. Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific and teaching activities, as well as by public authorities in the preparation of target-oriented documents for the development of the transport infrastructure of the Arctic regions.

Considering the insufficient usage of natural resources, ecological crisis, rising population and limitations of the traditional food system in the 21st century, it is extremely important to search for methods to achieve sustainable development. In this context, the search for alternative methods of farming and the transformation of typical food consumption is relevant; the organic market and its features are of particular interest. Based on the above, this article is dedicated to understanding what the development opportunities for the production and export of Ukrainian organic products within the global market are. To achieve this objective, it became necessary to study the specificities of the dynamic growth of the global organic food market, which includes identifying the dominant factors of its development, peculiarities of its regulation, evaluation of the current state, main trends and prospects. The study provides the characteristics of the top competitors in the global market, consumer segmentation and experience of the implementation of global and national organic sector development and support programs. As a result of the study, it was found that Ukraine has unrealized export potential that can be realized using a combination of practices used abroad (the active use of marketing tools, state support for the organic sector and increasing organic production by uniting producers into clusters and creating cooperatives).

The increasing demand from the consumers of Germany, United Kingdom, Japan and USA for organic teas, few conventional tea gardens of India, Sri Lanka and China have converted to organic processes during 1980s and subsequently it has been spread to different tea producing countries. Still the organic tea sector is a very small part of the tea industry, accounting of less than 1.3% by volume but the number of organic tea producers and the volume of organic tea traded in the world market have recorded high growth over the last couple of years. The annual growth rate has since cooled to 6%. It has a niche market where the produce sells at a premium price. The global organic tea market can be segmented into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific and rest of the world. Asia-Pacific region has the major market share followed by Europe. The domestic market for organic tea does not yet exist in India and Sri Lanka. But there is strong domestic market for organic green tea in China. China is exporting organic tea to Japan, the Europe and the United States. India leads the world in organic black tea output. Based on the higher demand for healthy beverages, the import and export of organic tea in the developed countries is found to rise at a steady growth rate. Around 75-80% of organic teas were exported to the United States and Germany followed by France, Denmark, the United Kingdom, Japan and Holland. In the US, organic tea is the fastest growing section of the tea industry and North America was at the peak of a growth burst in 2015, reinforcing its importance as the largest global market in terms of region, with Western Europe and Asia Pacific lagged slightly behind. Different global market research firm have predicted that the organic tea will continue to dominate and expected to increase by a CAGR of 5-13% next five years in U.S. In the present paper, the development of organic tea, global market and trade are discussed.

The natural gas market is one of the main components of the fuel and energy complex, the development and functioning of which significantly affect the level of energy security and the availability of energy sources for each country. The aim of the article is to study the dynamics and prospects of the development of the global natural gas market. The article analyzes the volumes of global trade in pipeline gas and liquefied natural gas (LNG). It is proved that during the analyzed period, international trade in LNG grew at a significantly faster pace compared to the trade in pipeline gas. The change in demand for natural gas by countries and regions from 2000 to 2024 is analyzed. A forecast growth of the global natural gas market is proposed. The forecast growth is explained by the transition to clean and renewable energy, the development of the industrial sector in the economies of developing countries, the increased use of natural gas in the transportation sector, the growth in the pace and volumes of electricity production based on natural gas, as well as the development of transportation infrastructure and maritime support for natural gas transportation. Among the main trends characterizing the global natural gas market, it is worth noting investments in renewable energy sources for sustainable extraction from fields, strategic cooperation in the production of propane from renewable sources, as well as mergers and acquisitions of oil and gas enterprises. Overall, it is expected that in the coming years, the volume of the natural gas market will significantly increase and reach USD 1670.84 billion by 2029. Promising areas for further research include the analysis of the state and dynamics of the impact of renewable energy development on the natural gas market, as well as the study of the transformation of regional markets.

The development of public infrastructure is essential for any country to achieve its economic and social development goals. Effective public infrastructure has a far-reaching impact in helping the economy achieve policies in the transport sector. The development of transport infrastructure is linked to economic growth, due to the fact that the share of capital expenditure for investment projects increases in total consumption (Bakalova, 2018). Development and expansion of the technological base is achieved, as the construction and maintenance of transport infrastructure stimulate public spending. The purpose of the article is to outline the main trends in building the infrastructure in Bulgaria for the different types of transport. The ability of transport assets to maintain their level of service to the end of their service life and their flexibility in meeting changes in demand patterns is analyzed. In conclusion, the main trends in the expansion of infrastructure capacity, the approaches to maintenance, modernization and the integration of new digital technologies in its construction are brought out.

The development of global transport infrastructure is a crucial aspect of economic growth and prosperity. In this study, the main trends in the development of global transport infrastructure are analyzed, with a focus on the state and trends in the functioning of the national transport infrastructure of the Russian Federation. By identifying key problems and determinants of financial growth, a preliminary decomposition is made to guide future development. Proceeding from the fact that the innovative development of Russia’s transport infrastructure should occur through state stimulation of the development of intellectual and partnership relationships and the formation of a digital environment for managing projects for its innovative transformation at the state level, this study identifies the goals, methods, and levels of ensuring the implementation of innovative transformations in transport infrastructure. Consideration of the historical aspects of the formation of the modern economy and comprehension of the mechanisms of state management and tools to ensure innovative transformations in the sphere of transport allowed us to identify three stages (dogmatic, strategic regulation, and innovative integration) of transformation regarding the theory of the state management for the innovative development of transport infrastructure in Russia. Taking into account the content of these periods of transformation allowed us to detail the specifics of the modern stage; highlight the shortcomings; and propose theoretical and methodological foundations for revising the provisions of the state regulation of innovative development in transport infrastructure. To determine the effectiveness of the processes of the state regulation of innovation activity in the transport industry, we propose a model for assessing the effectiveness of innovation activity in the transport complex, which is presented in the form of a three-level parametric system, where the first group of indicators allows us to assess the innovation activity of economic entities in the transport industry; the second allows us to assess innovation potential; and the third allows us to assess the effectiveness of innovation. The novelty of the proposed model is the consideration of the principles of dynamism, perspective, and expediency, and its application allows us to establish the level of innovative development in transport infrastructure. An important factor in ensuring the sustainable development of a country’s economy and forming its positive image in the world is its financial attractiveness. Therefore, the assessment of financial attractiveness is a priority task for the development of modern sustainable transport infrastructure in Russia.

The modern digital technology market is transforming under the influence of external externalities and internal dynamics of its development. The purpose of the article was to substantiate scientific and practical recommendations on the peculiarities of Ukraine’s integration into the global digital technology market and to develop proposals for intensifying these processes. The study used logical, retrospective analysis, the dialectical method, synthesis, classification, grouping and generalisation of data, tabular and graphical methods, the method of scientific abstraction and explication, quantitative and qualitative comparison. The article examined the theoretical foundations of the global digital technology market, namely, the theoretical aspects of the modern service market and its structural elements, methodological approaches to the integration of countries into the global digital technology market. Based on an assessment of the research of leading scholars, it was formed the structure of the modern digital technology market, the structural elements of which are software and hardware, network technologies and telecommunications, Internet services, IT education and training, media and entertainment, social networks and communications, e-commerce, security information technologies, IT consulting and services. Was identified the rapid dynamics of the global IT services market, in particular, in 2016 its volume was USD 0.87 trillion, and in 2024 it will reach USD 1.36 trillion, which is 1.56 times more. Was assessed the role of Ukraine in the global digital technology market, analysed the trends and structure of the global market development, and studied the level of development of the Ukrainian digital technology market in the context of globalisation. It is determined that the growth rate of the IT services market in 2016-2021 was quite significant and increased from USD 306.4 million in 2016 to USD 477 million in 2021. The article described the institutional support for the development of the Ukrainian digital technology market in modern conditions and identified the priority areas for Ukraine’s integration into the global digital technology market. The practical significance of the study is to identify trends, structure and dynamics of the modern digital technology market in Ukraine and the world, and to focus on developing a system of measures to promote the development of the information and communication technology market

Aim. The presented study aims to determine the impact of crisis factors resulting from the COVID-19 (Coronavirus) pandemic on Russian and foreign financial markets. Tasks.The authors assess the economic downturn caused by the COVID-19 (Coronavirus) pandemic; describe the dynamics of global gross domestic product (GDP) decline, the distinctive features and nature of the current economic crisis; analyze trends in financial markets to identify the most and least affected industries and economic sectors; analyze and forecast the development of raw materials and renewable energy markets; find ways out of the crisis. Methods. This study uses the methods of analogy, comparative analysis and systematization, and mathematical analysis. Results. Analysis of the stock performance of the largest companies in the financial markets for the I–IV quarters of 2020 makes it possible to assess the positive and negative impact of the crisis on various industries in the US and Russia. The study shows the decrease in demand for primary energy by types of energy carriers and for oil, as well as the potential and prospects for its recovery. Conclusions. The crisis factors caused by the pandemic have had a multidirectional impact on various economic sectors both in Russia and abroad: the greatest damage has been done to air transport, the oil and gas industry, and banking services. However, these crisis factors have not significantly affected IT companies, retail, and medicine, which managed to quickly increase sales and reach record levels of capitalization due to the specific features of their activities. Trends in the Russian market show similar dynamics of consumer demand for the corresponding goods and services, and as a result, for the financial results of companies. Renewable energy sources (RES) have become resilient to falling demand in the global energy market. It is found that the way out of the crisis involves changing the future concept of energy and reforming the labor market. The development of the RES sector will boost the development of green energy and a new labor market focused on green jobs and a carbonfree economy. The demand for oil, which declined sharply during the COVID-19 (Coronavirus) pandemic, is inelastic and will increase over time, which, in the authors’ opinion, will support oil prices and create a more favorable external environment for Russia, allowing it to restore its economy. The key positive result of the pandemic is the acceleration of digitalization processes, increased competition in global markets, and changes in business processes and employee performance assessment systems.

In the article authors examines the current state of the banking system of the Russian Federation and the main trends in its development. This study analyzed the global payment services market in 2019, its potential and possible development directions. Changes related to the transformation of business models of the banking sector are considered and their comparative analysis is carried out. The classification of the main threats and challenges faced by the banking system in the context of COVID-19 was also carried out. Special attention is paid to the factors that have a significant impact on the development of the banking sector in the current economic, social and political conditions. Given the particular vulnerability of the financial sector, the state's policy of implementing large-scale regulatory easing for companies belonging to this sector of the economy is particularly relevant. This will allow banks to gradually adapt to the changed situation and maintain financial stability. It is concluded that the situation faced by the banking sector in 2020 in connection with COVID-19, has become a kind of catalyst for its accelerated development. Today, the main strategy of banking is not only the ability to meet the needs of consumers, but also to be able to anticipate and shape them. In order to accelerate innovation, the company buys FINTECH projects, startups, or creates its own IT departments to develop its own products or technological solutions. When searching for a new value for the consumer, an important factor was the customer experience, which is reflected not only in the benefits of the service or product provided, but also in the convenience of receiving it. Therefore, another of the main trends of modern Russian banking is its transition to online mode.
 In the article authors examines the current state of the banking system of the Russian Federation and the main trends in its development. This study analyzed the global payment services market in 2019, its potential and possible development directions. Changes related to the transformation of business models of the banking sector are considered and their comparative analysis is carried out. The classification of the main threats and challenges faced by the banking system in the context of COVID-19 was also carried out. Special attention is paid to the factors that have a significant impact on the development of the banking sector in the current economic, social and political conditions. Given the particular vulnerability of the financial sector, the state's policy of implementing large-scale regulatory easing for companies belonging to this sector of the economy is particularly relevant. This will allow banks to gradually adapt to the changed situation and maintain financial stability. It is concluded that the situation faced by the banking sector in 2020 in connection with COVID-19, has become a kind of catalyst for its accelerated development. Today, the main strategy of banking is not only the ability to meet the needs of consumers, but also to be able to anticipate and shape them. In order to accelerate innovation, the company buys FINTECH projects, startups, or creates its own IT departments to develop its own products or technological solutions. When searching for a new value for the consumer, an important factor was the customer experience, which is reflected not only in the benefits of the service or product provided, but also in the convenience of receiving it. Therefore, another of the main trends of modern Russian banking is its transition to online mode.

The current trend in the world social development is characterized by crossing state borders, formation of universal cultural, scientific, economic, and labor space. That is why scientists all over the world pay much attention to various researches of the global labor market. One of the key tendencies in the global labor market development is formation of wide spread of flexible employment modes. This phenomenon requires absolutely new approaches to its theoretical and methodical understanding, selection of governmental employment policy completely different from the existing ones. The authors make a comparative analysis of the scope of flexible employment in global economy, and define the tendencies of its further development. The investigation allows to find out, that the global market is described by the growth of flexibility, which is ultimately reasoned by innovative nature of the modern society and economy. An important feature of contemporary trends in Russian labor market development is appearance and spread of flexible employment as well. A number of researches performed for one of typical Russian labor markets have defined specificities of flexible employment form perception by employers and employees. The authors have ascertained the reasons impeding the advancement of such forms and their advantages. This study allows to determine the peculiarities of the employees’ motivation under the flexible employment conditions. It is also found out that development of unusual employment forms brings about both positive and negative results. One of important problems in Russia preventing further development of flexible employment forms is “legal helplessness” of both employees and employers, which can only be overcome by combined efforts of the authorities, employee representatives, and employers. Commitment to conceptual international provisions for employment transformation under current conditions, aimed at the innovative social and economic development, may help here, insofar as presently, the Russian Federation is an integral part of the global economy.&nbsp

The purpose of the article is to study modern patenting and its impact on the design of textile products and work. Another task is to characterize the expressiveness of the range of small Ukrainian enterprises and predict the possible impact of patent inventions on the creativity of the design of textile art objects. The methodology is based on general methods of deduction, comparison, analogy, and systems analysis. The method of deduction and systematic analysis was applied to the study and formation of the main directions of patenting in the field of textile production. The method of comparison and the method of analogy was applied to the search for the embodiment of patent technologies in modern small businesses and the work of textile artists. The scientific novelty is in the study of Ukrainian inventions and their influence on the formation of industrial and artistic textile design. Patented textile industrial technologies were analyzed, and analogs used in small-scale production and author's textiles were identified. The text describes the possible application of patented technologies in art. Conclusions. The article considers the variability of patents related to the textile business and identifies their main groups. The text presents the main characteristics of inventions that have an impact on the design and final appearance of the product for the 2000s and 2010s. The article analyzes their potential influence on the formation of texture, texture, clarity, and clarity of artistic images of a work of textile art. The text also presents the general and most striking features of the range of existing small textile enterprises. The study predicts the possibility of applying patent developments in the design of industrial products and in the formation of the author's textile works, the formation of modern author's textile techniques.