Abstract
Glaucumolides A (1) and B (2), novel biscembranes composed of an unprecedented α,β-unsaturated ε-lactone, along with the known metabolites ximaolide A (3) and isosarcophytonolide D (4), were isolated from the cultured soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum. The structures of the new metabolites were determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 1 and 2 were shown to exhibit cytotoxicity against a limited panel of cancer cell lines. In anti-inflammation assay, compounds 1 and 2 displayed strong inhibition of superoxide anion generation and elastase release in human neutrophils stimulated by fMLP/CB. Furthermore, both 1 and 2 were shown to significantly inhibit the accumulation of the pro-inflammatory inducible nitric oxide synthase protein, and compounds 1−3 were found to effectively reduce the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 protein, in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells.
Highlights
Many cembrane-type diterpenes have been proven to exhibit cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity1
2, possessing a γ - and an ε -lactone rings, exhibited inhibition against the growth of human cancer cell lines, promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60), leukemic lymphoblasts (CCRF-CEM), acute T lymphoblastic leukaemia (MOLT-4), and erythroleukemia (K-562), as well as anti-inflammatory activities by significantly reducing the superoxide anion generation and elastase release in human neutrophils stimulated by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B, and the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins in LPS-challenged RAW264.7 macrophage cells
Its NMR spectrum showed the signals of four vinyl methyls, www.nature.com/scientificreports/
Summary
Many cembrane-type diterpenes have been proven to exhibit cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity. More than 60 biscembranoids have been isolated from the soft corals of the genera Sarcophyton[2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11], Lobophytum, Sinularia. More than 60 biscembranoids have been isolated from the soft corals of the genera Sarcophyton[2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11], Lobophytum, Sinularia13 Those belonging to the genus Sarcophyton are the most prolific source of biscembranoids. The attracting biological activities of several known biscembranoids[13,15] further prompted us to evaluate the cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities of isolated metabolites [1,2,3,4]. Without the presence of the mentioned lactone rings, 3 only displayed weaker inhibition on COX-2 accumulation in the same macrophage cells
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