Abstract
ABSTRACT In this study, mice undergoing either short maternal separation (MS) or long MS during early postnatal life and then experiencing chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in adulthood were established to explore the critical mechanism of the ginseng total saponins (GTS), extractions of ginseng, on early-life stress (ELS) and subsequent susceptibility to depression-like behaviors in adulthood. The behavioral assessment confirmed that GTS could reduce susceptible effects on mice induced by ELS to develop subsequent adult depression-like behaviors. The epigenetic changes of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), its receptor tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), and the downstream target cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) in the hippocampal tissue were elevated after GTS treatment. Interestingly, the inhibitor of TrKB, K252a further verified the above findings. All evidence showed that GTS had potential neuroprotective effects due to GTS could restore behavioral abnormalities and alter hippocampal protein levels via the CREB-BDNF-TrkB pathway, thereby ameliorating depression-like behaviors induced by MS.
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