Abstract
The rapid increase in the number of individuals with obesity, over the past four decades, is triggered by a number of complex interactions among factors. Despite the plethora of treatments available, side effects are commonly observed and, in this context, herbal medicines have been employed as an alternative form of therapy. Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) has been described as a promising new pharmacological approach to treat obesity. In order to better comprehend the mechanisms involved with this potential effect, the present study evaluated the effects of GbE treatment on diet-induced obese rats, focusing on the proteome and the oxidative stress defense system of visceral adipose tissue. After 14 days treatment, GbE significantly modulated 25 proteins. Retroperitoneal adipose tissue of treated animals exhibited higher amounts of proteins associated with adipogenesis (decorin), carbon metabolism and mitochondrial function (citrate synthase), and a concomitant reduction in adipocyte hypertrophy. In parallel, GbE down-regulated proteins involved in oxidative stress (peroxiredoxin) and the inflammatory response (complement C3, mast cell protease 1, and Ig gamma-2B chain C region). Moreover, also related to oxidative stress defense, GbE stimulated catalase activity, reduced malondialdehyde levels (lipid peroxidation indicator), and increased lactoylglutathione lyase levels. It was concluded that GbE acts as an antioxidant agent, and improved the proteome profile and oxidative stress response in the adipose tissue of diet-induced obese rats.
Highlights
According to World Health Organization, obesity is a chronic disease that has dramatically increased since 1975, and has become a primary health concern (NCD-RisC, 2017; World Health Organization, 2018)
Data were acquired in the HDMSE mode, alternating between low (4 eV) and high collision energies, which provided an accurate measurement of mass for both intact peptides and fragments
The ProteinLynx Global Server version 3.0.1 software (Waters) was used for mass spectrometry data processing and results were searched against Rattus norvegicus sequences in the UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot database
Summary
According to World Health Organization, obesity is a chronic disease that has dramatically increased since 1975, and has become a primary health concern (NCD-RisC, 2017; World Health Organization, 2018). It is known that high-fat diet intake leads to deleterious metabolic effects, including abnormal adipocyte hypertrophy and subsequent hypoxia, as well as oxidative stress and low-grade chronic inflammation, especially in the visceral white adipose tissue depots Growing evidence suggests that oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, resulting from obesity, can promote the development of complications such as insulin resistance, type. Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) is one of the most commonly used therapies worldwide and has been reported to be a promising new pharmacological approach for treating obesity
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