Abstract
As the human life expectancy increases, age-linked diseases have become more and more frequent. The worldwide increment of dementia cases demands medical solutions, but the current available drugs do not meet all the expectations. Recently the attention of the scientific community was attracted by natural compounds, used in ancient medicine, known for their beneficial effects and high tolerability. This review is focused on Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and explore its properties against Alzheimer’s Disease and Vascular Dementia, two of the most common and devastating forms of dementia. This work resumes the beneficial effects of Ginger compounds, tested in computational in vitro and in vivo models of Alzheimer’s Disease and Vascular Dementia, along with some human tests. All these evidences suggest a potential role of the compounds of ginger not only in the treatment of the disease, but also in its prevention.
Highlights
Dementia is a disease characterized by a progressive cognitive decline linked to age that involves a reduction in personal autonomy
The study results identified several potential protein targets or enzymes involved in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), including Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) converting enzyme (TACE), AChE, BChE, NOS, Cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1), COX-2, c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)
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Summary
Dementia is a disease characterized by a progressive cognitive decline linked to age that involves a reduction in personal autonomy. Dementia is characterized by loss of memory, problem-solving impairment, sometimes difficulty in language uttering and, more in general, a significant reduction in thinking processes [1]. The clinical criteria necessary for the diagnosis of dementia or “major neurocognitive disorder”, according to the guidelines of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), are the presence of significant cognitive decline in at least one of the domains: memory, attention, language, motor programming, perception of objects, space-time perception, and executive functions [2]. Mild cognitive forms of non-neurodegenerative dementia can be caused by vitamin deficiencies, hypothyroidism, normal pressure hydrocephalus, chronic alcohol abuse, chemotherapy, infections, intracranial formations, traumatic brain injury, and psychiatric illness [3]. Many dementia patients show behavioural and psychological symptoms, including aggression, agitation, and depression [4]
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