Ghosted by politics? Young generations and the crisis of representation in Italy

Generational and Gender Perspectives on Career Flexibility: Ensuring the Faculty Workforce of the Future

The worldview of each generation (e.g. Baby Boomers, Gen-X, Gen-Y, and Gen-Z) has unique elements, and advertising effectiveness is contingent upon considering these differences. One area where these differences manifest is in the principles of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). DEI has become an important factor in advertising; however, empirical research on disabilities is limited. From the perspective of generational cohort theory, two key questions are how different cohorts perceive advertisements that have models with disabilities and how DEI levels might influence this perception. To address these questions, we focused on how younger (i.e. Gen-Y and Gen-Z) and older (i.e. Baby Boomers and Gen-X) generations perceive models with disabilities that require the use of a wheelchair and how these perceptions relate to attitude towards the ad, attitude towards the brand, and purchase intention (PI). A U.S. sample (n = 313) was recruited and randomly assigned in a 2 (Generation: younger vs. older) × 2 (Disability: wheelchair vs. control) between-subjects factorial design. Findings indicate that older generations consistently preferred the control ad over the ad with the model in a wheelchair, while younger generations had stronger PI than older generations after viewing the ad with the model in a wheelchair. Furthermore, for the ad with the model in a wheelchair, DEI levels in the younger generation fully mediated the positive impact of attitude towards people with disabilities (PWDs) on attitude towards the ad and PI. No mediation effects emerged for the older generations. Theoretical and managerial advertising implications are discussed.

Organizational strategies around employee retirement are often cast in generational terms (i.e., as knowledge transferred between older and younger generations). Within this context, research suggests generational differences in knowledge sharing preferences and in supporting information and communication technology (ICT) preferences. At the same time, others argue that the concept of generations is a myth, or a stereotype‐driven perception. Therefore, the objectives of this study were (1) to examine whether there are generational differences in knowledge sharing and ICT preferences and (2) to examine whether perceptions of younger and older generations' preferences match their actual preferences. Data were collected from 138 survey participants (Baby Boomers, Generation Xers, and Millennials) and analyzed using ANOVAs, effect sizes, and confidence intervals. Additionally, 13 interviews were conducted with Baby Boomers and analyzed using content and narrative analyses. Findings showed no reliable differences between the three generations' preferences for knowledge sharing modalities (i.e., in writing and verbally) and methods (i.e., in person and through various ICTs). The most preferred methods were email, in‐person, telephony, and instant messaging. Most interestingly, while all generations had an accurate perception of Millennials' sharing preferences, they all demonstrated a distorted perception of Baby Boomers' preferences. Moreover, the broader the generation gap, the greater the discrepancy in perception. These findings support the postulation that generational differences may be a matter of perception rather than actuality. The most significant implication for research and practice is to retire generational thinking and to propose several alternative organizational strategies in managing knowledge continuity.

The crisis of political representation has several explanations, including the collapse of trust in political institutions and the weakening of the role of the party as an intermediary between voters and elected representatives. This is counterbalanced by a strategy of individual representation pursued by politicians. This article aims to examine representation in Italy through a highly innovative approach, that of the strategic communication of the elected during the electoral campaign and in office: not only the parliamentary work of the elected, but also the overall analysis of the electoral campaign and constituency communication. The study identifies changes in representation, including functional and thematic autonomy from the party, personalization of activities, promotion of independent communication tools, and party-independent agendas. It also highlights the backstage structuring of a new relationship between voters and elected representatives in politics. A study conducted on 150 Italian parliamentarians in Chamber of Deputies (17th Legislature, 2013–18) revealed varying logics of representation based on their political affiliation, career paths, and individual characteristics.

The emergency department (ED) has increasingly become an important public health partner in non-targeted hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing and referral to care efforts. HCV has traditionally been an infection associated with the Baby Boomer generation; however, recent exacerbation of the opioid epidemic has resulted in a growing number of younger cohorts, namely Millennials, also impacted by HCV. Examination of this age-related demographic shift, including subsequent linkage success and linkage barriers, from the perspective of an ED-based testing and linkage programme may have implications for future population and health systems interventions. A retrospective descriptive chart review was performed, inclusive of data from August 2015 through December 2020. We compared the quantity of positive HCV screening antibody (Ab) and confirmatory (RNA) tests and further considered linkage rates and correlative demographics (e.g. gender, race). Patient barriers to HCV care linkage (e.g. substance misuse, lack of health insurance, homelessness) were also evaluated. The data set was disaggregated by birth cohort to include Silent Generation (SG) (1928-45), Baby Boomer (BB) (1946-64), Generation X (Gen X) (1965-80), Millennial (1981-96) and Generation Z (1997-2012). Descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis were performed. Overall, 83,817 patients were tested for HCV (50.6% of eligible); 6187 (7.4%) were HCV Ab positive, and 2665 were HCV RNA positive (3.2%). RNA-positive individuals were more likely to be white (70.4%) and male (67.7%); generational distribution was similar (BB 33.3%, Gen X 32.0% and Millennials 32.7%). Amongst Ab-positive patients, white (45.5%), male (47.2%) and Millennial (49.7%) individuals were most likely to be RNA-positive. Overall, 28.1% of the RNA-positive cohort successfully linked to care; linkage to care rates were significantly higher in older generations (38.1% in BB vs. 17.8% in Millennials) (p < .00001). Over 90% were identified as having at least one linkage to care barrier. Younger generations (Gen X and Millennials) were disproportionately impacted by linkage barriers, including incarceration, lack of health insurance, history of mental health and substance use disorders, as well as history of or active injection drug use (IDU) (p < .00001). Older generations (SG and BB) were more likely to be impacted by competing medical comorbidities (p < .00001). The ED population represents a particularly vulnerable, at-risk cohort with a high prevalence of HCV and linkage to care barriers. While past HCV-specific recommendations and interventions have focused on Baby Boomers, this data suggests that younger generations, including Gen X and Millennials, are increasingly affected by HCV and face disparate social risk and social need factors which impede definitive care linkage and treatment.

Generational differences.

The objective of this paper is to investigate and discuss young Danish citizens' trust in information, citizenship, and democracy with a focus on the intersecting conditions for their civic engagement and democratic citizenship. The argument and the findings connect three points that strongly relate to questions of trust and distrust: Young citizens are the bearers of future sustainable democracy; Informed citizenship redefined is a vital element in the foundation of sustainable democracy; civic engagement and democratic citizenship depend on the collective trust in allowing new forms of information and informed citizenship, and to support young generations' development of democratic self-efficacy. Empirically, the paper draws on a case study that investigates the problem through 16- to 24-year-old Danes' narratives. The theoretical framing combines conceptions of trust to reduce complexity, the interdependency of trust and distrust, and rationality as an essential motivation for relying on trust.

In contrast to the post-war period, the late 20th and early 21st centuries in the UK have been characterised by the advancement of neoliberal policies including privatisation of the housing system and employment casualisation. Consequently, there are growing socioeconomic inequalities between those born in the post-war period – the ‘Baby Boomers’ – and the younger generation – the ‘Millennials’. Such inequalities have led to narratives of inter-generational conflict with Baby Boomers framed as jeopardising the futures of Millennials. Drawing on Mannheim’s theory of social generations, the concept of generational habitus and qualitative data from 49 Baby Boomers and 62 Millennials, we unpack the ways in which inter-generational inequalities are intersubjectively understood and discussed. Our data indicate that while young people are aware of inter-generational inequalities, they do not feel resentful towards their parents’ generation for profiting at their expense. Instead, many blame the government for not representing their interests. Thus, narratives of inter-generational conflict misleadingly direct blame towards the agency of Baby Boomers rather than political structures.

The digital divide between the younger and older generations has become an important issue in social communication in the digital era. This study investigates the differences in understanding and use of digital technology between generation Z, generation Y, and generation X/Baby Boomers in Bandung City. Using a descriptive qualitative approach with case studies, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and surveys of 90 respondents. The results showed that the younger generations (Z and Y) have higher digital skills, especially in the use of social media and instant messaging applications, while generation X and Baby Boomers still rely more on face-to-face communication and telephone. This digital divide creates barriers in intergenerational communication, causes social isolation among the older generation, and limits their participation in wider social spaces. These findings suggest that interventions such as digital literacy training and the creation of inclusive spaces for intergenerational collaboration can reduce the digital divide and improve social communication. This study provides important insights into how the digital divide affects intergenerational relationships in Bandung City and suggests strategic steps to reduce the gap through education and technology empowerment programs.

This research is motivated by issues of national and state life, especially the younger generation. Among the problems in the younger generation are the lack of a spirit of patriotism, idealism and nationalism as well as the younger generation's uncertainty about the future, moral, mental and social degradation of the younger generation, opportunities to access work, underage marriage, promiscuity and including the abuse of narcotics and drugs. forbidden. In fact, the active role of youth or the younger generation in the history of the Indonesian nation's struggle has played an extraordinary role. Developing the potential and role of youth through empowerment, awareness and development in national development which has a role and is part of a very strategic function and role. Citizenship education for the younger generation is important, not only in schools but also in society. This research aims to study and develop the character of the younger generation based on Pancasila values. This research was carried out in Kedaton II Village, Batang Hari Nuban District, East Lampung. The data in this research is through documentation studies, observations and interviews. The method in this research uses descriptive qualitative. The results of the research show that there is an influence on young citizens when they receive guidance based on Pancasila values. Education for the younger generation can strengthen the character of citizens.

K’hillot M’khabdot:A Response to the Baby Boom Generation through a Reclamation of the Mitzvah of Kibbud Av Va-eim* Seth Haaz (bio) What we owe the old is reverence, but all they ask for is consideration, attention, and not to be discarded or forgotten. … A revision of attitudes and conceptions is necessary. Old age is not a defeat but a victory, not a punishment but a privilege. … The test of a people is how it behaves toward the old. It is easy to love children. Even tyrants and dictators make a point of being fond of children. But the affection and care of the old, the incurable, the helpless are the true gold mines of a culture. —Abraham Joshua Heschel1 With the first baby boomers recently reaching the age of sixty-five,2 numerous questions arise about America’s ability to accommodate the needs of such a large number of senior citizens. There are tremendous concerns [End Page 53] about the efficacy and sustainability of the health care system and about the financial and societal burden that will need to be shouldered by younger generations. When the last of the 78 million baby boomers reach their sixty-fifth birthday in 2030, the number of adults aged sixty-five and older in the United States will almost double.3 While speculation about inadequate resources to support the baby boom generation are well-founded and merit attention from local and national political leadership, the outlook need not be so bleak. America must begin a substantial transition from which it could emerge much stronger. The potential for growth will be realized when America readjusts the lens through which it views senior citizens. America would greatly benefit from a shift in focus from baby boomers’ needs to their potential contributions. The baby boomers represent the largest, best educated, and wealthiest generation to reach retirement; with this they bring an air of entitlement. Joseph Coughlin, an age researcher and baby boomer, states: “We will not be like our parents or grandparents. If we are tired or suffer from a little bit of pain, that’s not what we’re going to accept as a natural part of aging. We’re going to have a higher set of expectations. And the expectations are going to be driven by our aspirations and our money to be able to go after what we want.”4 The baby boomers’ demand for better care, coupled with their purchasing power, will help drive the health care industry to innovate and cater to their needs. Harvard professor David Cutler explains: “Baby Boomers will soon discover how haphazard the U.S. health care system really is when they need it, from coordinating care, to seeing different specialists to obtaining drugs. … They’re already finding that with their parents and they won’t put up with it for themselves. They have the money and the voice to effect change.”5 Thus, it is important to remember that although this new generation of senior citizens has unprecedented needs, it also has the capacity for unprecedented contributions to the transformation and growth of America and its institutions. [End Page 54] While America currently views its seniors as a massive group demanding much and contributing little to the productivity of society, the inherited traditions of Judaism can encourage a re-envisioning of the role of older adults in American Jewish life. The rapid aging of America is pronounced among American Jewry. A 2013 survey conducted by the Pew Research Center finds that 51 percent of Jewish adults are ages fifty and older, compared with 44 percent of adults in the general population.6 A study of Jewish congregations in Westchester, New York, found that “[s]ynagogue members’ average age is 56, and … synagogue membership is largely dominated by the Baby Boomers.”7 Jewish values mandate that younger generations care for the needs of the elderly in a dignified way, that the elderly receive honor, and that the elderly hold important positions in the society through which their contributions are recognized and valued. The decision to act on these values will revive Jewish communities and institutions across America, and the American Jewish community will...

With the emergence of new information and communication technologies, scholars and politicians view the Internet as a means both to govern and to bring citizens, especially younger generations, closer to the political process. Given the tremendous impacts of the Sunflower Movement on Taiwanese politics, this paper sets out to dynamically examine whether and to what extent the Internet inspired offline electoral and non-electoral participations of Taiwanese young adults. While the younger generation's Internet usage for political causes significantly encouraged their voting turnout in the 2014 election, a similar effect was not detected in either the 2012 or 2016 presidential and legislative elections. The estimated statistics not only show the particular effect of the Sunflower Movement on young adults' voting turnout and participation in self-help activities in the 2014 election, but also reveal that the fast-changing and diverse Internet domain did not have a long-lasting influence on young citizens' political engagement in the offline world.

ABSTRACTBangladesh is now facing the public health problems of deficiency of iron and iodine, especially for women. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of Bangladesh has implemented strong countermeasures to enhance the health condition of the nation. On the other hand, based on the concept of the Declaration of Alma-Ata, complementary and alternative medicine should be used more vigorously to enhance public health in the world. The usage of complementary and alternative medicine such as ayurvedic medicine (AM) should be increased in Bangladesh. Therefore we conducted the study on perceptions of AM by citizens in Dhaka, Bangladesh in order to promote and enhance the effective usage of AM, including herbal medicines as medical resources, from December 2010 to January 2011. This study showed younger citizens (61.1%) did not get more benefit from AM than elder citizens (48.0%). On the other hand, younger citizens (76.8%) did not get more harm from AM than elder citizens (70.1%). We think that in terms of effectiveness of AM, the younger generation in Dhaka seems to be more skeptical to AM than the elder generation in Dhaka, even though the younger generation are more satisfied with AM than the elder generation. With viewpoint of enhancement of usage of AM in Dhaka, we think that scientifically sound information on AM should be collected rigorously and brought to the citizens vigorously to remove the skeptical feeling of AM from younger citizen in Dhaka. In terms of the effective utilization of limited medical resources, AM should be used appropriately in Bangladesh, Asia and the world.

PurposeThe present study aims to explore the intergenerational differences in the virtue of appreciation. The construct of appreciation takes a broadened perspective with six dimensions of “have” focus, awe, ritual, present moment, loss/adversity and interpersonal appreciation. Four different generations are studied – baby boomers (above 55 years), pre-millennial or Generation X (41–55 years), millennial or Generation Y (23–39 years) and post-millennial or Generation Z (below 23 years).Design/methodology/approachThe collected data is analyzed in two stages. First, the adaptability of the scale is examined using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability and validity estimates. And in the second stage, the variations in appreciation scores are explored using ANOVA and post hoc analysis.FindingsThe results reveal statistically significant intergenerational differences among four subscales of appreciation, i.e. “have” focus, awe, present moment and loss/adversity. Only one subscale of appreciation, i.e. ritual, does not vary significantly across respondents of different generations. Also, younger generations have lesser scores on subscales of appreciation than older generations. Thus, it seems that older generations are generally more appreciative than younger generations.Originality/valueThe present study, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, could be the first research that examines the variation among generations for the experience of broader construct of appreciation within the Indian context.

To analyse the influence of micro- and macro-factors on self-rated health, and the role of generation on this relationship. Cross-sectional study using data from European Health Interview Surveys from 14 European countries. Individuals were divided into four generations ("silent generation", "baby boomers", and "generation X" and "Y"). We conducted multilevel analyses for each generation to study the influence of individual and national explanatory variables on self-rated health. Age showed an exponential effect in older generations. Education and employment presented the strongest association with low self-rated health, especially in "baby boomers" and women (low education: OR 3.5; 95% CI 3.2-3.9). Tobacco showed a negative effect in younger generations. Overweight and low physical activity were negatively associated with self-rated health regardless of generation. Countries from the Eastern welfare system showed the highest risk of low self-rated health and this association was higher in men for "silent generation" (OR 4.7; 95% CI 3.0-7.6). The influence of individual and national factors on self-rated health varies regarding generation. The target generation and the demographic structure of a country should be taken into account to develop more accurate health policies.