Abstract
Individuals claiming Employment and Support Allowance (ESA), the replacement benefit for Incapacity Benefits, are increasingly being expected to prepare for a return to work. Drawing on a survey with claimants, this paper highlights the critical role which pre-claim experiences have on these outcomes. Those coming onto the benefit from a work background are likely to move off from ESA and into employment more quickly. The evidence presented, however, also demonstrates that health and health trajectories remain central determinants of future employment experiences. Overall, the analysis suggests that ESA is least effective at helping the most disadvantaged groups.
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